Becoming A Federal Law Clerk: A Comprehensive Guide

Becoming a federal law clerk is a highly competitive process, with most federal judges receiving hundreds of applications for only one or two open positions. The role is usually filled by recent law school graduates who performed at or near the top of their class and/or attended highly ranked law schools. The minimum qualifications for law clerks are established by the Judicial Conference of the United States, which include graduating from an approved law school, having strong academic credentials, and demonstrating proficiency in legal studies. The specific duties of a federal law clerk are determined by the employing judge but typically include legal research, preparing bench memos, drafting orders and opinions, and assisting the judge during courtroom proceedings.

Earn a bachelor's degree and a law degree

Earning a bachelor's degree is the first step towards becoming a federal law clerk. While there is no specific major requirement, choosing a pre-law program or related majors such as political science or communications can be helpful. During your undergraduate studies, it is beneficial to gain legal experience through internships, which will not only provide you with valuable skills but also help build connections in the legal field.

After completing your bachelor's degree, the next step is to attend law school. This is a crucial requirement for aspiring judicial clerks, as their advanced knowledge of the legal system is essential for effectively supporting judges. Most federal law clerks are recent law school graduates who performed well academically, often from highly ranked law schools.

When applying to law school, consider choosing a specialization that aligns with your interests and career goals. This can be especially important if you are interested in a specific type of law or court system. During law school, continue to develop your legal research and writing skills, as these will be essential in your future role as a federal law clerk.

Obtaining a law degree, such as a Juris Doctor (JD) or a Master's in Law, will provide you with the necessary qualifications to apply for federal law clerk positions. Keep in mind that some judges may have additional requirements, such as experience on the editorial board of a law review or demonstrated proficiency in legal studies.

Remember that the path to becoming a federal law clerk is highly competitive, and gaining practical experience through internships and maintaining strong academic performance will enhance your candidacy.

Gain legal experience through internships

Identify your interests

The legal field is vast, with many different areas of specialisation. To start your journey towards landing a law internship, the first step is to identify the specific areas of law that interest you the most. Think about what legal professions are most interesting to you. For example, you may prefer to work under a lawyer who practices a particular branch of law, or you might be interested in working at a courthouse. Knowing your interests will help you decide what kind of law internship is the best fit for you.

Determine your long-term and short-term goals

Undergraduate law internships can vary in their responsibilities and expectations. Reflect on your short-term and long-term career and educational goals. You may find it helpful to write down these goals. For instance, a short-term goal might be to complete an internship in your junior year, while a long-term goal could be to attend law school and become a criminal defence lawyer. In this case, finding an internship with a criminal defence lawyer would be a priority.

Consider your schedule

As an undergraduate student, you likely have class commitments and other obligations. Think about how much time you can devote to your law internship. Internships may vary in the number of hours they require each week, with some offering more flexibility than others. Knowing your availability will help you decide what kind of internship works best for your schedule. For example, a summer law internship may be ideal if you don't have time during the school semester.

Know your qualifications

Think about your skills and professional experience. Some internships may be a better fit for your current level of experience. Knowing your skills will help you target internship opportunities that match your credentials and abilities. For example, many undergraduate law internships involve conducting research, so strong research skills would be an advantage.

Research internship opportunities

Once you have a clear understanding of your interests, goals, availability, and qualifications, start researching internship opportunities. Use the internet to search for internships, or network with legal professionals through job-related social media platforms or in person. You can also contact small, local firms directly, ask your instructors if they know of any opportunities, attend career fairs, or visit your school's career centre.

Compile your options

Not every available internship will be the right fit for you, but stay flexible and keep an open mind. Create a list of options and consider using a spreadsheet to organise your search and application process. Law internships are competitive, so applying to multiple positions may increase your chances of securing one.

Prepare your applications

After deciding which internships to apply for, begin preparing your application materials. Carefully read each internship posting and follow all instructions. Tailor your application to each specific internship and organisation to demonstrate your genuine interest. Typical law internship application materials may include a resume, cover letter, transcripts, and letters of recommendation.

Submit your applications on time

Pay close attention to application deadlines and try to submit your materials well in advance. Applying early shows enthusiasm and organisational skills. It also gives you time to network and connect with people already working for the organisations you're applying to.

Prepare for interviews

If your application impresses, you may be invited for an interview. Prepare by researching common interview questions and rehearsing your responses. Dress professionally for the interview, opting for business attire, and ensure your appearance is neat and well-groomed. Send a thank-you note within 24 hours of your interview to express your gratitude and reaffirm your interest in the position.

Choose a court level and type to specialise in

Choosing a court level and type to specialise in is an important step in becoming a federal law clerk. The court level you choose will depend on your academic record and career goals. If you want to work in a higher and more prestigious court, such as the federal Supreme Court, you will need to have an impressive academic record and be at the top of your law school class. These courts tend to hire the most impressive candidates possible.

On the other hand, if you feel your academic record is not competitive enough for the higher courts, there are many other court types you can consider. Additionally, if you are interested in a specific area of law, you may need to select a particular court and judge to work with so that you can gain expertise in that field.

Federal law clerks typically work on legal research and writing. Their duties may include conducting legal research, preparing bench memos, drafting orders and opinions, proofreading the judge's orders and opinions, verifying citations, communicating with counsel regarding case management and procedural requirements, and assisting the judge during courtroom proceedings.

The duties and functions of a federal judicial law clerk are ultimately determined by the employing judge, and these duties may vary depending on the type of court. For example, a trial court judicial clerk handles different responsibilities than someone working at an appellate court, as the appellate court deals with appeals to court cases that have been decided by a lower court.

Therefore, when choosing a court level and type to specialise in, it is important to consider your academic record, career goals, and the specific duties and functions you will be performing in that role.

Prepare application materials

Preparing your application materials is a crucial step in the process of becoming a federal law clerk. Here are some detailed instructions to help you put together a strong application package:

• Resume/CV: Create a tailored resume that highlights your relevant qualifications and experiences. Emphasise your academic achievements, legal internships or jobs, research skills, and any other abilities that align with the duties of a law clerk.
• Cover Letter: Write a compelling cover letter that expresses your interest in the position and explains why you are a strong candidate. Highlight your motivation, skills, and how you can contribute to the judge's chambers. Address any specific requirements or qualifications mentioned in the job posting.
• Law School Transcripts: Include your law school transcripts to demonstrate your academic performance. If you attended a prestigious law school or performed well, this can set you apart from other candidates.
• Letters of Recommendation: Seek letters of recommendation from professors, legal professionals, or previous employers who can attest to your skills, work ethic, and character. Choose recommenders who can speak to your specific qualifications and strengths as a potential law clerk.
• Writing Sample: Some judges may request a writing sample as part of the application. Choose a well-written legal document, such as a research paper, memorandum, or draft opinion, that showcases your analytical and writing abilities. Ensure it is edited and proofread to perfection.
• Other Supporting Documents: Depending on the specific requirements of the position, you may need to provide additional materials. For example, some judges may ask for a list of references, a personal statement, or examples of your legal research.

Remember that applications for federal law clerk positions are highly competitive, so it is essential to present yourself in the best possible light. Ensure your application materials are impeccable, error-free, and tailored to the specific requirements of the position you are applying for.

Pass an FBI background check

To pass an FBI background check, you must undergo a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) fingerprint check. In addition, a judge may require a name check and a credit check. Employment is contingent on the satisfactory completion of the required fingerprint check and any other optional FBI checks. The court will arrange for all necessary background checks.

The FBI background check is a standard procedure for all law clerk candidates and is an important step in ensuring the integrity and security of the judicial system. It involves a thorough investigation into your criminal, financial, and personal history. Here are some steps to help you prepare for and increase your chances of passing the FBI background check:

• Maintain a clean criminal record: Any criminal convictions, arrests, or charges may disqualify you from becoming a federal law clerk. Avoid any involvement in criminal activities and be transparent if any exist.
• Demonstrate financial responsibility: Ensure you have a solid credit history and manage your finances responsibly. Any history of financial instability, such as bankruptcy or frequent late payments, may be a red flag.
• Be honest and transparent: Disclose any relevant information honestly during the application process. Hiding or lying about any details may lead to disqualification or termination later in the process.
• Address any concerns: If you have any potential issues, such as past drug use or associations with controversial groups, be prepared to explain them and demonstrate that they are not ongoing or recent.
• Maintain a positive reputation: Your character and reputation are important. Demonstrate integrity and professionalism in your personal and professional dealings to avoid any concerns about your suitability for the position.

Remember that the specific requirements and procedures for the FBI background check may vary depending on the court and the judge's preferences. Always refer to the official sources and guidelines provided by the court for detailed instructions on how to prepare for and complete the background check process.

Frequently asked questions