Cameron Miranda
When citing the Cornell Legal Information Institute (LII), it is essential to follow proper citation guidelines to ensure accuracy and credibility. The Cornell LII is a widely respected online resource for legal information, offering access to a vast collection of statutes, regulations, case law, and secondary sources. To cite the Cornell LII, begin by identifying the specific type of legal material you are referencing, such as a statute, case, or article. For statutes and cases, use the standard Bluebook citation format, which typically includes the name of the statute or case, the volume and page numbers, and the year. For example, a citation to a U.S. Code section might appear as 18 U.S.C. § 2511 (2018). When citing articles or other secondary sources hosted on the Cornell LII website, include the author’s name, title of the work, and a direct URL to the resource, ensuring the link is stable and accessible. Always verify the most current citation rules, as formats may evolve over time. Properly citing the Cornell LII not only upholds academic integrity but also helps readers locate the referenced material with ease.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Citation Style | Primarily follows The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation |
| Website Name | Cornell Legal Information Institute (LII) |
| URL | https://www.law.cornell.edu/ |
| Publisher | Cornell Law School |
| Access Date | Required for online sources (format: Day Month Year) |
| Example Citation (Bluebook) | Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/410/113 [https://perma.cc/W2YG-ZJ9A] (accessed June 2, 2024). |
| Key Elements | Case name, volume, reporter, page number, year, URL, Perma link, access date |
| Perma Link | Recommended for stability and permanence |
| Notes | Always verify specific citation requirements for your jurisdiction or publication. |
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What You'll Learn
- Citing Cases: Use case name, reporter, page, year, and URL from Cornell LII
- Statutes & Codes: Include title, section, year, and Cornell LII link
- Regulations: Cite CFR title, part, section, year, and Cornell LII URL
- Secondary Sources: Author, title, publication, year, and Cornell LII reference
- Bluebook Format: Follow Bluebook rules for Cornell LII citations in legal writing
Citing Cases: Use case name, reporter, page, year, and URL from Cornell LII
When citing legal cases using the Cornell Legal Information Institute (LII), it is essential to include specific elements to ensure clarity and accuracy. The primary components for citing a case are the case name, reporter, page number, year, and URL from Cornell LII. The case name is the full title of the legal dispute, typically presented in the format of *Party v. Party*. For example, *Brown v. Board of Education* is a well-known case name. This title should be italicized or underlined in your citation to distinguish it as the core identifier of the case. Following the case name, include the reporter, which is the official publication where the case was reported. The reporter is denoted by an abbreviation, such as "U.S." for United States Reports or "N.Y.S.2d" for New York Supplement Second Series. The page number refers to the specific page within the reporter where the case begins. For instance, *Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)* indicates that the case starts on page 483 of volume 347 of the United States Reports.
The year of the decision is another critical element, as it provides temporal context and helps distinguish cases with similar names. In the example above, "(1954)" indicates the year the case was decided. Including the year is particularly important when referencing cases that may have been revisited or updated in subsequent rulings. Finally, incorporating the URL from Cornell LII ensures that your citation is accessible and verifiable. Cornell LII provides a stable, reliable link to the case, which can be included in parentheses at the end of the citation. For example: (
To construct a complete citation, combine these elements in a structured format. For instance: *Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) (
Incorporating the URL from Cornell LII is particularly valuable in digital contexts, where accessibility and verification are paramount. Unlike print citations, which rely solely on static information, digital citations can provide direct access to the source material. This is especially useful for legal research, where the ability to quickly reference the original text can save time and reduce ambiguity. When including the URL, ensure it is correctly formatted and functional. Cornell LII’s URLs are designed to be stable, but it’s always a good practice to test the link before finalizing your citation.
Lastly, while the core elements of a case citation remain consistent, slight variations may occur depending on the citation style guide you are following (e.g., Bluebook, APA, or MLA). However, the fundamental components—case name, reporter, page, year, and URL—should always be included when citing cases from Cornell LII. By adhering to these guidelines, you ensure that your citations are accurate, accessible, and in line with legal citation standards. This approach not only enhances the credibility of your work but also facilitates efficient legal research for your audience.
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Statutes & Codes: Include title, section, year, and Cornell LII link
When citing Statutes & Codes using the Cornell Legal Information Institute (LII), it is essential to include specific elements to ensure clarity and accuracy. The key components are the title of the statute or code, the section being referenced, the year of the edition or revision, and the Cornell LII link for direct access to the source. This format adheres to legal citation standards while leveraging the accessibility of online resources. For example, if citing the U.S. Code, the title (e.g., Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure), the specific section (e.g., § 241), the year of the edition, and the Cornell LII URL should all be included. This approach ensures that readers can easily locate the exact legal provision being discussed.
The title of the statute or code is the foundational element of the citation, as it identifies the broader legal framework within which the specific section resides. For instance, citing the New York Consolidated Laws would require specifying the relevant title, such as "General Obligations Law." The section narrows down the citation to the precise legal provision, such as "§ 5-322." Including the year of the edition or revision is crucial, as statutes and codes are frequently updated, and the year ensures the citation refers to the correct version. For example, "N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 5-322 (McKinney 2023)" clearly identifies the year of the cited statute.
The Cornell LII link is a vital component of modern legal citations, providing direct access to the online version of the statute or code. This ensures that readers can verify the source and access additional context or annotations. For example, a citation might include: "N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 5-322 (McKinney 2023), available at
When constructing the citation, it is important to follow a consistent and standardized format. For instance, a full citation for a U.S. Code provision might appear as: "18 U.S.C. § 241 (2018), available at
Finally, it is worth noting that while the Cornell LII link enhances accessibility, the core citation (title, section, and year) remains the primary identifier. The link should be treated as a supplementary resource rather than a replacement for the traditional citation elements. By combining these components, legal writers can create citations that are both precise and adaptable to the digital age. For further guidance, Cornell LII provides its own citation guidelines, which can be referenced at
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Regulations: Cite CFR title, part, section, year, and Cornell LII URL
When citing regulations using the Cornell Legal Information Institute (LII), it is essential to follow a structured format that includes the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) title, part, section, year, and the Cornell LII URL. This ensures clarity, accuracy, and accessibility for readers. The CFR is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the federal government. To begin, identify the specific regulation you are referencing. For example, if you are citing a regulation related to environmental protection, you might refer to Title 40, Part 79, Section 5 of the CFR.
The first step in citing a regulation is to specify the CFR title, which is the broad subject category under which the regulation falls. Titles are numbered, such as Title 40 for environmental protection. Following the title, include the part number, which further narrows down the subject matter within the title. For instance, Part 79 in Title 40 deals with "Source Classification Codes." Next, provide the section number, which pinpoints the exact regulation within the part. Section 5 of Part 79 might address specific requirements or definitions. Including the year of the CFR edition is crucial, as regulations can be updated annually. This ensures that the reader is directed to the correct version of the regulation.
After detailing the CFR title, part, section, and year, incorporate the Cornell LII URL to provide direct access to the regulation. Cornell LII is a widely trusted legal resource that offers free access to primary legal materials, including the CFR. The URL should link directly to the specific section of the regulation you are citing. For example, the URL might look like this:
When formatting the citation, follow a consistent style, such as Bluebook or APA, depending on your discipline or publication requirements. A typical citation might appear as follows: "40 C.F.R. § 79.5 (2023), available at
Finally, double-check the accuracy of your citation to avoid errors. Verify that the CFR title, part, section, and year align with the regulation you are referencing. Test the Cornell LII URL to ensure it leads to the correct page. Properly citing regulations using the CFR and Cornell LII not only upholds academic integrity but also facilitates legal research by providing a clear pathway to the source material. By following these steps, you can create precise and reliable citations that enhance the credibility of your work.
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Secondary Sources: Author, title, publication, year, and Cornell LII reference
When citing secondary sources that reference the Cornell Legal Information Institute (LII), it is essential to provide clear and accurate information to guide readers to the original material. The citation should include the author, title of the secondary source, publication details, year of publication, and a specific Cornell LII reference that the secondary source is discussing or relying upon. This ensures transparency and allows readers to trace the legal authority back to its primary source. For example, if a scholarly article analyzes a Supreme Court case available on Cornell LII, the citation should highlight both the article and the LII resource.
The author of the secondary source should be listed first, followed by the title of the work in quotation marks or italics, depending on the style guide being used. Next, include the publication details, such as the journal name, book title, or website where the secondary source appears. The year of publication is crucial for establishing the currency of the information. Finally, the Cornell LII reference should be provided in a way that directly links to the primary legal material being discussed. For instance, if the secondary source references a specific statute or case, the LII citation should include the case name, volume, reporter, page number, and year, or the statute title and section number, along with the URL from Cornell LII.
In practice, a citation might look like this: "Smith, John. 'The Evolution of Privacy Law in the Digital Age.' *Harvard Law Review*, 2022. Referencing *Katz v. United States*, 389 U.S. 347 (1967), available at [Cornell LII](https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/389/347)." This format ensures that the reader can easily locate both the secondary analysis and the primary legal source. It is important to verify the accuracy of the Cornell LII URL to ensure it directs to the correct document.
For books or longer works, the citation structure remains similar but may include additional details such as the publisher and city of publication. For example: "Doe, Jane. *Understanding Constitutional Law*. New York: Legal Press, 2021. Discussing *Marbury v. Madison*, 5 U.S. 137 (1803), available at [Cornell LII](https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/5/137)." This approach maintains consistency while accommodating different types of secondary sources.
When citing online secondary sources, such as blog posts or articles, include the date of access alongside the publication year, as web content can change over time. For instance: "Green, Emily. 'The Impact of Technology on Legal Research.' *Legal Tech Blog*, 2023. Accessed May 15, 2023. Referencing *Riley v. California*, 573 U.S. 373 (2014), available at [Cornell LII](https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/573/373)." This ensures that the citation remains reliable and verifiable. By following these guidelines, citations involving Cornell LII are both comprehensive and user-friendly.
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Bluebook Format: Follow Bluebook rules for Cornell LII citations in legal writing
When citing materials from the Cornell Legal Information Institute (LII) in legal writing, it is essential to adhere to the Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, the standard citation format in American legal practice. The Bluebook provides specific rules for citing electronic sources, including those from Cornell LII. Below is a detailed guide on how to properly cite Cornell LII materials in Bluebook format.
Identifying the Type of Material: The first step in citing Cornell LII materials is to identify the type of resource you are referencing. Cornell LII hosts a variety of legal documents, including statutes, case law, regulations, and secondary sources. The Bluebook rules vary depending on the type of material. For example, citing a federal statute accessed via Cornell LII differs from citing a state case. Always begin by determining the category of the source to apply the correct Bluebook rule.
Citing Statutes and Codes: When citing a statute or code from Cornell LII, use the Bluebook's rules for citing statutes. The citation should include the title of the statute, the section or chapter number, the year of the code, and the URL. For instance, a citation to the U.S. Code might appear as: *18 U.S.C. § 2511 (2018)*, followed by the URL in a parenthetical or footnote, e.g.,
Citing Case Law: For case law accessed through Cornell LII, follow the Bluebook's case citation rules. Include the case name, volume, reporter, page number, court, and year, followed by the URL. For example: *Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967)*,
Citing Regulations: When citing federal regulations from Cornell LII, use the Bluebook's rules for administrative law materials. The citation should include the title of the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.), the section number, and the year, followed by the URL. For example: *21 C.F.R. § 101.9 (2023)*,
Additional Considerations: Always verify the accuracy of the URL and ensure it directs to the exact provision being cited. The Bluebook emphasizes precision in citations, so double-check the volume, section, and year. For materials that may change over time, such as regulations, include the date of last access in a parenthetical after the URL, e.g., (last visited June 1, 2023). This ensures transparency and helps readers locate the cited material.
By following these Bluebook rules, legal writers can accurately and professionally cite Cornell LII materials, maintaining the integrity and reliability of their work.
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Frequently asked questions
To cite Cornell LII in APA format, use the following structure:
Author Last Name, First Initial(s). (Year). Title of the document. *Cornell Legal Information Institute*. URL
In MLA format, cite Cornell LII as follows:
"Title of the Document." *Cornell Legal Information Institute*, Year, URL.
Yes, for Bluebook citations, use:
*Title of the Document*, Cornell L. Rev. (Year), URL (if applicable).
Cite the statute or case directly using its official citation (e.g., U.S. Code or case reporter citation), then include Cornell LII as the source if needed, e.g., *Title of Statute*, U.S.C. § X (Year), available at Cornell LII URL.
Yes, include the date accessed in parentheses at the end of the citation, especially for APA and MLA formats, e.g., (Accessed Month Day, Year).
