Gavin Howe
Citing the *Northwestern University Law Review* accurately is essential for scholars, students, and legal professionals to ensure proper attribution and credibility in their work. The *Northwestern University Law Review* is a prestigious legal journal that publishes scholarly articles, essays, and commentary on a wide range of legal topics. To cite it correctly, one must follow established citation styles such as The Bluebook, which is the standard for legal citations in the United States. The citation typically includes the author’s name, article title, volume number, journal title, page number, and publication year. For example, a basic citation might appear as: *Author’s Last Name, First Name, Article Title, Vol. X, Northwestern University Law Review Y (Year)*. Understanding these guidelines ensures that the source is properly acknowledged and facilitates easy access for readers to locate the referenced material.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Citation Style | Bluebook |
| Journal Title | Northwestern University Law Review |
| Abbreviation | Nw. U. L. Rev. |
| Volume Number | [Volume number of the issue] |
| Page Number | [Starting page number of the article] |
| Publication Year | [Year of publication] |
| Author(s) | [Author's last name, first name (or initials)] |
| Article Title | [Title of the article] |
| Example Citation | Author Last Name, First Name, Article Title, Volume Number Nw. U. L. Rev. Page Number (Year). |
| Online Access | [URL or DOI if available] |
| Publisher | Northwestern Pritzker School of Law |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| ISSN | 0029-3571 (Print), 2373-863X (Online) |
| Latest Volume | Volume 117 (as of October 2023) |
| Citation Format (Print) | Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Volume Number Nw. U. L. Rev. Page Number (Year). |
| Citation Format (Online) | Author Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Volume Number Nw. U. L. Rev. Page Number (Year), available at [URL or DOI]. |
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What You'll Learn
Bluebook Citation Format
When citing the *Northwestern University Law Review* using the Bluebook Citation Format, it is essential to follow the specific rules outlined in *The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation*. The Bluebook provides detailed guidelines for citing law reviews, ensuring consistency and clarity in legal writing. For a law review article, the basic citation format includes the author’s name, the title of the article, the volume number of the law review, the abbreviation of the law review, the first page number of the article, and the publication year, all enclosed in proper punctuation.
To begin, the author’s name should be listed in normal font, with the last name followed by a comma and the first name or initials. The title of the article is italicized and follows the author’s name, ending with a colon. For example: *John Doe, The Evolution of Legal Theory: A Comprehensive Analysis*. Next, the volume number of the *Northwestern University Law Review* is included, followed by the abbreviated title of the law review, which is *Nw. U. L. Rev.* in small caps. The volume number and abbreviated title are separated by a space, and the entire section is followed by the first page number of the article. For instance: *50 Nw. U. L. Rev. 145*.
The publication year of the article is placed in parentheses immediately after the page number, without any additional punctuation. For example: *(2020)*. If the citation includes a pinpoint reference to a specific page within the article, it is added after the publication year, preceded by the word "at" and the page number. For instance: *at 150*. The entire citation should be structured as follows: *John Doe, The Evolution of Legal Theory: A Comprehensive Analysis, 50 Nw. U. L. Rev. 145 (2020)*.
In cases where the article is accessed online, the Bluebook requires the inclusion of the Electronic Information Page (EIP) or the URL, depending on the specific rule. For the *Northwestern University Law Review*, if the article is available on a database like Westlaw or LexisNexis, the database name and the full citation to the print source are followed by the database identifier. For example: *John Doe, The Evolution of Legal Theory: A Comprehensive Analysis, 50 Nw. U. L. Rev. 145 (2020), Westlaw, 2020 WL 1234567*. If the article is accessed through the law review’s website, the URL should be included in angle brackets, such as: *
Finally, it is crucial to ensure that all elements of the citation are formatted correctly, including proper use of italics, small caps, and punctuation. The Bluebook’s rules are designed to standardize legal citations, making it easier for readers to locate the cited sources. By adhering to these guidelines, writers can accurately and professionally cite the *Northwestern University Law Review* in their legal documents.
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Online Article Citations
When citing an online article from the Northwestern University Law Review, it is essential to follow a structured format to ensure clarity and adherence to academic standards. The citation should include key elements such as the author’s name, article title, journal title, volume and issue numbers, page range, publication date, and the URL or DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of the online source. This format aligns with the Bluebook citation style, which is commonly used in legal writing. Begin the citation with the author’s last name followed by a comma and the first name or initials. If there are multiple authors, list them in the order they appear, separated by commas, and use “and” before the last author’s name.
The article title should be placed after the author’s name, enclosed in double quotation marks. Following the title, include the full name of the journal, italicized, along with the volume number in bold or underlined. If the journal includes an issue number, place it in parentheses after the volume number. The page range of the article should follow, preceded by the starting page number and ending page number separated by a hyphen. For online articles, it is crucial to add the publication date in parentheses, followed by the URL or DOI of the article. If a DOI is available, it is preferred over a URL as it provides a stable link to the source.
In cases where the online article does not have a traditional volume or issue number, omit these elements and proceed with the available information. Ensure that the URL is accessible and directs readers to the specific article. If the article is part of a database, include the database name in the citation. For example, if the article is accessed through Westlaw or LexisNexis, mention the database name after the page range and before the publication date. Always verify the accuracy of the URL or DOI to ensure the citation is functional.
When formatting the citation, pay attention to punctuation and spacing. Use a period after the author’s name, a comma after the article title, and a colon after the journal title. Include a comma between the volume and issue numbers, if applicable, and a colon before the page range. The publication date should be enclosed in parentheses, followed by a period. If using a URL, precede it with “https://” and enclose it in angle brackets or plain text, depending on the style guide’s preference. For DOIs, use the prefix “https://doi.org/” followed by the unique identifier.
Finally, consistency is key when citing online articles from the Northwestern University Law Review. Ensure that all citations follow the same format throughout your document. If you are using a specific citation management tool or software, verify that it adheres to the Bluebook style or manually adjust the citation as needed. Properly citing online articles not only gives credit to the original authors but also enhances the credibility of your work by providing verifiable sources for your readers.
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Print Edition References
When citing the Northwestern University Law Review in its print edition, it is essential to follow a structured format that adheres to standard legal citation guidelines, such as The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. Below are detailed instructions for creating accurate print edition references.
First, identify the key components of the citation: the author's name, article title, volume number, journal title, page number, and publication year. For example, a basic citation format for a print edition article would look like this: *Author’s Last Name, First Name, "Article Title," Volume Number Northwestern University Law Review Page Number (Year)*. Ensure that the author's name is inverted (last name first) and followed by a comma. The article title should be enclosed in quotation marks, and the journal title, *Northwestern University Law Review*, should be italicized. The volume number and page number are critical for pinpointing the exact location of the article within the journal.
Second, if the article spans multiple pages, include the full range of page numbers. For instance, if an article begins on page 100 and ends on page 120, the citation would read: *100–20*. Accuracy in page numbering is crucial for legal citations, as it allows readers to locate the source efficiently. Additionally, the publication year should be included in parentheses immediately after the volume number. For example: *50 Northwestern University Law Review 100 (2020)*.
Third, if the citation refers to a specific part of the article, such as a footnote or section, use a pinpoint citation. This involves adding the precise page or footnote number after the initial citation, separated by a comma and the word "at." For example: *Id. at 105 n.30*. This level of detail is particularly important in legal writing, where precision is paramount.
Fourth, for articles with multiple authors, list all authors in the citation, separating their names with an ampersand (&) before the final author. For example: *Smith, John & Doe, Jane, "Article Title," 50 Northwestern University Law Review 100 (2020)*. If there are more than two authors, include all names in the citation to ensure proper attribution.
Finally, consistency and adherence to The Bluebook rules are key when citing the Northwestern University Law Review in print. Pay attention to punctuation, italics, and spacing, as these elements contribute to the clarity and professionalism of the citation. By following these guidelines, you can create accurate and reliable print edition references for legal scholarship.
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Citing Specific Pages
When citing specific pages from the Northwestern University Law Review, it is essential to follow a precise format to ensure clarity and accuracy. The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation is the primary style guide used in legal writing, including for law reviews. According to The Bluebook, when citing a specific page or range of pages within an article from the Northwestern University Law Review, you should include the author’s name, the article title, the full name of the law review, the volume number, the issue number (if applicable), the year of publication, and the specific page number(s) being cited. For example, a basic citation might look like this: *Author Last Name, Article Title, Volume Number N.U. L. Rev. Page Number (Year)*. If you are referencing a specific page, it would appear as *Id. at Page Number*.
To cite a single page, follow this structure: *Author Last Name, supra note [previous citation note number], at Page Number*. For instance, if you previously cited an article by Smith in note 5 and now want to reference page 123, the citation would be *Smith, supra note 5, at 123*. This format ensures that the reader can easily locate the exact page being referenced. If the article is the first citation in your work, the full citation should appear in the footnote, and subsequent references can use the shortened *supra* format.
When citing a range of pages, the format is slightly different. Instead of "at," use "at Pages" to indicate the range. For example, *Author Last Name, supra note [previous citation note number], at Pages Start Page-End Page*. If referencing pages 123 to 125, the citation would read *Smith, supra note 5, at Pages 123–25*. Note that The Bluebook abbreviates the second page number in a range, omitting repeated digits (e.g., 123–25 instead of 123–125).
If you are citing multiple non-consecutive pages, list each page or range separately, separated by commas. For example, *Author Last Name, supra note [previous citation note number], at Pages Start Page-End Page, Start Page-End Page*. If referencing pages 123, 125, and 127–28, the citation would be *Smith, supra note 5, at Pages 123, 125, 127–28*. This approach ensures precision in directing the reader to the exact locations within the source.
Finally, when citing the first page of an article or a standalone page, you can simply use "at" followed by the page number without additional formatting. For example, *Author Last Name, supra note [previous citation note number], at 1* for the first page. Always ensure consistency with The Bluebook’s rules, as they govern legal citation standards. Properly citing specific pages not only enhances the credibility of your work but also facilitates ease of reference for your readers.
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Multiple Authors Guidelines
When citing articles from the *Northwestern University Law Review* with multiple authors, it is essential to follow specific guidelines to ensure accuracy and consistency. According to the *Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation*, which is the primary citation style used in legal writing, including law reviews, the approach for multiple authors varies depending on the number of authors involved. For works with two or three authors, all authors’ names should be listed in the citation, separated by an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name. For example, a citation with two authors would appear as: "Jane Doe & John Smith, *Article Title*, 105 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1 (2011)." This format ensures that all contributors are appropriately acknowledged.
When citing an article with more than three authors, the *Bluebook* recommends listing only the first author’s name, followed by "et al." This Latin abbreviation, meaning "and others," simplifies the citation while still providing essential information. For instance, a citation with four authors would be formatted as: "Jane Doe et al., *Article Title*, 105 Nw. U. Rev. 1 (2011)." This rule applies regardless of the total number of authors beyond three, maintaining clarity and brevity in legal citations.
In addition to the author names, the citation must include the article’s title, the volume and page numbers of the *Northwestern University Law Review*, and the year of publication. The title of the article should be italicized, and the volume number should be abbreviated as "Nw. U. L. Rev." followed by the starting page number in parentheses. For example: "*The Evolution of Legal Theory*, 105 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1 (2011)." This structure adheres to the *Bluebook*’s requirements for law review citations.
It is crucial to verify the accuracy of author names and their order, as this information is often considered in academic and legal contexts. Misspelled names or incorrect ordering can lead to confusion and diminish the credibility of the citation. Additionally, when using electronic databases or online versions of the *Northwestern University Law Review*, ensure that the citation includes a pinpoint citation to the specific page or section referenced, as this is a standard practice in legal writing.
Finally, consistency is key when citing multiple works with different numbers of authors. Adhering strictly to the *Bluebook* guidelines ensures that all citations within a document or article follow the same format, making it easier for readers to locate the sources. For those unfamiliar with the *Bluebook*, consulting the latest edition or a reliable citation guide is highly recommended to avoid errors in multiple author citations. By following these detailed guidelines, writers can accurately and professionally cite articles from the *Northwestern University Law Review* with multiple authors.
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Frequently asked questions
In Bluebook style, cite the Northwestern University Law Review as follows: *Volume Number* Northwestern University Law Review *Page Number* (Year).
In APA format, cite an article from the Northwestern University Law Review as follows: Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of the article. *Northwestern University Law Review, Volume Number*(Issue Number), Page Range.
Yes, you can cite the Northwestern University Law Review using online databases. Include the database name and the date of access, e.g., *Volume Number* Northwestern University Law Review *Page Number* (Year), available at [Database Name] (accessed [Date]).
For unpublished works, cite as follows: Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). *Title of the manuscript or note* (unpublished manuscript or note). Northwestern University Law Review.
In most citation styles, including Bluebook and APA, the issue number is not required unless the journal is paginated by issue. Focus on the volume number and page range instead.
