Cameron Miranda
Citing the *Penn Law Review* accurately is essential for scholars, students, and legal professionals to ensure proper attribution and credibility in their work. The *Penn Law Review*, a prestigious student-edited journal published by the University of Pennsylvania Law School, adheres to the *Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation*, the standard citation guide for legal writing. To cite an article from the *Penn Law Review*, one must include key elements such as the author’s name, article title, volume number, journal title, and page number. For example, a basic citation would follow this format: *Author’s Last Name, First Initial. “Article Title,”* Penn L. Rev. *Volume Number (Year): Page Number*. Understanding these guidelines ensures compliance with legal citation standards and facilitates clear, professional communication in academic and legal contexts.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Citation Style | Bluebook (21st Edition) |
| Journal Title | University of Pennsylvania Law Review |
| Abbreviated Title | U. Pa. L. Rev. |
| Volume Number | Volume number of the journal issue |
| Page Number | Starting page number of the article |
| Author Name | Last name, followed by a comma and the first name or initial |
| Article Title | Title of the article in sentence case |
| Pinpoint Citation | Specific page number(s) within the article (if needed) |
| Example Citation | John Doe, Article Title, 123 U. Pa. L. Rev. 456 (2023). |
| Online Citation (if applicable) | Include the URL or DOI, and the date accessed |
| Citation Format | Author, Title, Volume Abbreviated Title Page (Year). |
| Parenthetical Citation | (Author Last Name Page Number) |
| Footnote Citation | Superscript number corresponding to the footnote |
| Updates | Follow the latest Bluebook edition for any changes |
| Official Website | University of Pennsylvania Law Review |
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What You'll Learn
Bluebook Citation Format
When citing the *University of Pennsylvania Law Review* (Penn Law Review) in the Bluebook Citation Format, it is essential to follow the specific rules outlined in *The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation*. The Bluebook provides detailed guidelines for citing law reviews, ensuring consistency and clarity in legal writing. Below is a step-by-step guide to properly cite the Penn Law Review in accordance with Bluebook rules.
For a standard citation to an article in the Penn Law Review, the format is as follows: Author’s Full Name, Title of the Article, Volume Number Penn. L. Rev. Page Number (Year). For example, if citing an article by John Doe titled *"The Evolution of Constitutional Law"* published in volume 123 of the Penn Law Review in 2020, starting on page 1001, the citation would appear as: John Doe, The Evolution of Constitutional Law, 123 Penn. L. Rev. 1001 (2020). Note that the volume number is italicized, and the abbreviation for the law review (*Penn. L. Rev.*) is followed by the starting page number. The year of publication is included in parentheses at the end.
If you are citing a specific page or range of pages within the article, include the pinpoint citation after the starting page number, separated by a comma and space. For instance, if referencing a point on page 1015 of the same article, the citation would be: John Doe, The Evolution of Constitutional Law, 123 Penn. L. Rev. 1001, 1015 (2020). This format ensures that readers can locate the exact information being referenced.
When citing the Penn Law Review in a footnote, the same format applies, but it is typically introduced with the corresponding footnote number. For example, a footnote citation would appear as: 1. John Doe, The Evolution of Constitutional Law, 123 Penn. L. Rev. 1001 (2020). If the article is being cited for the first time in a footnote, the author’s full name is used. For subsequent citations of the same author’s work, a shortened form may be used, such as Doe, The Evolution of Constitutional Law, 123 Penn. L. Rev. at 1015 (2020).
Finally, if you are citing an online version of a Penn Law Review article, include the URL or DOI in the citation. The format remains largely the same, but the citation concludes with the electronic information. For example: John Doe, The Evolution of Constitutional Law, 123 Penn. L. Rev. 1001 (2020), https://www.pennlawreview.com/article/123/1001. Ensure that the URL is accessible and stable, or use a DOI if available. Following these Bluebook rules ensures that your citations are accurate, professional, and compliant with legal writing standards.
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Online Article Citations
When citing an online article from the Penn Law Review, it is essential to follow a structured format that adheres to the guidelines of legal citation, typically based on The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. For online articles, the citation should include specific elements to ensure clarity and accuracy. Begin with the author’s name, followed by the title of the article in quotation marks. Next, provide the name of the journal, which in this case is the *University of Pennsylvania Law Review*. The volume number and the starting page of the article should follow, as these are crucial for print citations. However, for online articles, you must also include the year of publication and the exact URL or DOI (Digital Object Identifier) to direct readers to the specific resource.
The format for an online article citation typically looks like this: *Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of the Article.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. X, p. Y (Year). Available at:* *URL or DOI*. For example, if the article is titled *“The Evolution of Constitutional Law”* by *Jane Doe*, published in Volume 165, starting on page 1234 in 2017, and accessible via a specific URL, the citation would be: *Doe, Jane. “The Evolution of Constitutional Law.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 165, p. 1234 (2017). Available at: https://www.pennlawreview.com/article1234*. Ensure the URL is stable and directly links to the article to maintain accessibility.
If the article is accessed through a database like Westlaw, LexisNexis, or HeinOnline, the citation should reflect this. For instance, if the article is retrieved from HeinOnline, the citation would include the database name and the specific page range or identifier. An example would be: *Doe, Jane. “The Evolution of Constitutional Law.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 165, p. 1234 (2017). HeinOnline, 165 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1234*. Always verify the database’s citation guidelines to ensure accuracy, as some platforms provide automated citation tools.
In cases where the article is part of a symposium or special issue, include this information in the citation. For example, if the article is part of a symposium on *“Emerging Trends in Legal Technology”*, the citation might read: *Doe, Jane. “The Evolution of Constitutional Law.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 165, p. 1234 (2017). Symposium: Emerging Trends in Legal Technology. Available at: https://www.pennlawreview.com/article1234*. This additional detail provides context and helps readers understand the article’s place within the broader publication.
Finally, consistency is key when citing online articles from the Penn Law Review. Ensure that all citations follow the same format throughout your document. If you are using a specific style guide, such as The Bluebook or ALWD, adhere strictly to its rules. Double-check the accuracy of URLs, DOIs, and page numbers, as errors can lead to broken links or incorrect references. By following these guidelines, you can create precise and professional citations for online articles from the Penn Law Review, enhancing the credibility and usability of your work.
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Print Edition References
When citing the Penn Law Review in its print edition, it is essential to follow a structured format that adheres to the guidelines of legal citation, typically based on The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. Below are detailed instructions for creating accurate and consistent print edition references.
Basic Format for Print Edition References: A citation to the Penn Law Review in print should include the following elements in this order: the author's name, the title of the article, the volume number of the journal, the name of the journal (abbreviated as "U. Pa. L. Rev."), the page number where the article begins, and the publication year in parentheses. For example: *John Doe, The Evolution of Legal Theory, 123 U. Pa. L. Rev. 456 (2024)*. The author's name should be written with the last name first, followed by a comma and the first name or initials. The title of the article is italicized, and the journal name is abbreviated according to standard legal citation practices.
Multiple Authors: If the article has multiple authors, include all authors in the citation, separated by "and" before the last author. For example: *Jane Smith and Richard Roe, Rethinking Contract Law, 124 U. Pa. L. Rev. 789 (2023)*. Do not use commas between authors unless a name includes a suffix or multiple initials. If there are more than three authors, you may list the first author followed by "et al." to save space, though this is less common in legal citations.
Pinpoint Citations: When referring to a specific page within the article, add a pinpoint citation after the initial reference. For instance, if you are referencing a particular argument on page 462, the citation would appear as: *Doe, supra, at 462*. The term "supra" is used to refer back to a source cited earlier in the document, and "at" is used to indicate the specific page number.
Special Circumstances: If the article is a commentary, book review, or other non-standard piece, ensure the title reflects this. For example, a book review might be cited as: *Review of [Book Title], 125 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1011 (2024)*. Additionally, if the article spans multiple volumes, include all relevant volume numbers and page ranges, such as: *Mary Brown, The Impact of Technology on Law, 122-123 U. Pa. L. Rev. 234-345 (2023-2024)*.
Consistency and Precision: Always double-check the accuracy of volume numbers, page ranges, and publication years. Legal citations require precision, and errors can undermine the credibility of your work. Use official sources, such as the journal's website or legal databases, to verify details. Following these guidelines ensures that your print edition references for the Penn Law Review are both correct and professional.
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In-Text Citation Rules
When citing the *Penn Law Review* in-text, it is essential to follow the rules outlined by the citation style you are using, such as Bluebook, APA, or Chicago. The *Penn Law Review* is a prestigious legal journal, and proper citation ensures clarity and accuracy in your work. Below are detailed in-text citation rules tailored to different citation styles.
Bluebook Style: The Bluebook is the most commonly used citation style in legal writing. For in-text citations, use a superscript number at the end of the relevant sentence or clause, corresponding to a footnote. For example, if you are referencing an article from the *Penn Law Review*, place a superscript number after the quote or reference, like this: "This legal principle was extensively discussed in the *Penn Law Review*."¹ The footnote should then provide the full citation, including the author’s name, article title, volume number, journal title, page number, and publication year. For subsequent references to the same source, use a shortened form, such as "See supra note 1."
APA Style: In APA style, in-text citations typically include the author’s last name and the publication year in parentheses, with the page number if quoting directly. For the *Penn Law Review*, the format would be (Author, Year, p. page number). For example: "The court’s decision was criticized for its narrow interpretation (Smith, 2020, p. 45)." If the article does not have a specific author, use the journal title in italics and the publication year: (*Penn Law Review*, 2020). Note that APA style does not use footnotes for citations but includes a reference list at the end of the document.
Chicago Style: Chicago style offers both author-date and notes-bibliography systems. For author-date, the in-text citation includes the author’s last name, publication year, and page number in parentheses, similar to APA. For example: (Smith 2020, 45). In the notes-bibliography system, use footnotes or endnotes with a corresponding superscript number in the text. The first citation should include the full details, such as author, article title, journal title, volume, issue (if applicable), year, and page range. Subsequent citations can be shortened, such as "Smith, ‘Article Title,’ 45."
General Tips: Regardless of the citation style, consistency is key. Ensure that your in-text citations match the corresponding entries in your bibliography, footnotes, or reference list. When citing multiple sources in one sentence, list them in the same parentheses or footnote, separated by semicolons. For example: "Several scholars have debated this issue (Smith, 2020; Johnson, 2019; *Penn Law Review*, 2021)." Always verify the specific requirements of the citation style you are using, as minor variations may apply.
By adhering to these in-text citation rules, you ensure that your references to the *Penn Law Review* are accurate, professional, and compliant with academic or legal standards. Proper citation not only gives credit to the original authors but also enhances the credibility of your work.
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Volume and Page Numbering
When citing the *University of Pennsylvania Law Review* (Penn Law Review), accurately identifying the volume and page numbers is crucial for proper citation. The volume number refers to the specific annual edition of the journal in which the article was published, while the page numbers pinpoint the exact location of the article within that volume. This information is essential for readers to locate the source and is a key component of both Bluebook and other citation styles.
In Bluebook format, the volume number is placed immediately after the journal's name and is abbreviated as "U. Pa. L. Rev." For example, if an article appears in the 123rd volume of the Penn Law Review, the citation would begin with "123 U. Pa. L. Rev." The volume number should always be followed by a space and then the first page number of the article. For instance, if the article starts on page 1001, the citation would read "123 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1001." This format ensures clarity and consistency in legal citations.
When an article spans multiple pages, the full range of page numbers should be included in the citation. For example, if the article runs from page 1001 to 1025, the citation would be "123 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1001 (2024)." The year of publication is placed in parentheses after the page numbers, though this detail pertains to the date element of the citation. It is important to ensure that the page numbers are accurate, as errors can make it difficult for readers to locate the source.
In some cases, a citation may refer to a specific page within an article rather than the entire piece. In such instances, the pinpoint page number is added after the initial page range, separated by a comma and a space. For example, if you are referencing a specific point on page 1010 of the article, the citation would appear as "123 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1001, 1010 (2024)." This practice is particularly common in legal writing when quoting or discussing a specific passage.
Finally, when citing Penn Law Review articles in formats other than Bluebook, such as APA or MLA, the principles of volume and page numbering remain similar but may be presented differently. For example, in APA style, the volume number is italicized and followed by the issue number in parentheses, though Penn Law Review does not use issue numbers. The page range is then included without abbreviations. Regardless of the citation style, precision in volume and page numbering is essential to maintain academic integrity and facilitate access to the cited material.
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Frequently asked questions
In Bluebook style, cite the Penn Law Review as follows: *Author’s Last Name, First Name Initial(s)., Article Title, Volume Number Penn. L. Rev. Page Number (Year)*. For example: *Smith, J.D., The Evolution of Contract Law, 123 Penn. L. Rev. 456 (2024)*.
For an online article from the Penn Law Review, include the URL or DOI in the citation. The format is: *Author’s Last Name, First Name Initial(s)., Article Title, Volume Number Penn. L. Rev. Page Number (Year), available at URL or DOI*. For example: *Smith, J.D., The Evolution of Contract Law, 123 Penn. L. Rev. 456 (2024), available at https://www.pennlawreview.com/article/123/456*.
Yes, for subsequent references, use a short form citation. The format is: *Author’s Last Name, Shortened Article Title, Volume Number at Page Number*. For example: *Smith, Evolution of Contract Law, 123 at 460*. Ensure the short form is clear and consistent with your initial full citation.
