Gavin Howe
Citing the *Boston University Law Review* accurately is essential for legal scholars, students, and practitioners to ensure proper attribution and credibility in their work. The *Boston University Law Review* is a prestigious legal journal that publishes scholarly articles, essays, and notes, and its citation format typically follows the *Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation*, the standard guide for legal citations in the United States. To cite an article from the *Boston University Law Review*, one must include key elements such as the author’s name, article title, volume number, journal title, page number, and publication year. For example, a basic citation might appear as: *Author’s Last Name, First Initial. “Article Title,” Boston University Law Review, vol. X, no. Y, page range (Year)*. Attention to detail, such as italicizing the journal title and using precise punctuation, is crucial to adhere to *Bluebook* standards and maintain academic integrity.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Citation Style | The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (21st ed. 2020) |
| Journal Title | Boston University Law Review |
| Abbreviated Title | B.U. L. Rev. |
| Volume Number | Italicized (e.g., 65) |
| Page Number | Not italicized (e.g., 1234) |
| Year of Publication | Included in parentheses after the volume number (e.g., 65 (2020)) |
| Author Format | Last name, First name (e.g., Smith, John) |
| Article Title | Included in plain text, capitalized using sentence case |
| Pinpoint Citation | Use "at" for specific page references (e.g., at 1245) |
| Example Citation | Smith, John, Article Title, 65 B.U. L. Rev. 1234 (2020). |
| Online Sources | Include the URL or DOI if available, accessed date not required |
| Footnote vs. Text Citation | Primarily used in footnotes; follow The Bluebook rules for footnote formatting |
| Updates | Always refer to the latest edition of The Bluebook for any updates or changes |
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What You'll Learn
Bluebook Citation Format
When citing to the *Boston University Law Review* using the Bluebook Citation Format, it is essential to follow the specific rules outlined in *The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation*. The Bluebook provides detailed guidelines for citing law reviews, and adherence to these rules ensures consistency and professionalism in legal writing. For journal articles, the general format includes the author’s name, the title of the article, the volume number of the law review, the abbreviation of the law review, the first page number of the article, and the publication year, all in a specific order and style.
To begin, the author’s name should be listed in normal font, with the last name followed by a comma and the first name (or initial). For example, if the author is John Doe, it should appear as "Doe, John." If there are multiple authors, list all authors in the same format, separated by commas, and precede the final author’s name with an ampersand (&). After the author’s name, include the full title of the article, capitalized using title case, and italicized. For instance, *"The Impact of Technology on Legal Practice"*. The title should be followed by the volume number of the *Boston University Law Review* in boldface, the abbreviated name of the law review in italics, and the first page number of the article. The abbreviation for the *Boston University Law Review* is "B.U. L. Rev."
The publication year should be included in parentheses immediately after the page number. For example, a full citation might appear as: "Doe, John, *The Impact of Technology on Legal Practice*, 67 *B.U. L. Rev.* 123 (2022)." If you are citing a specific page or range of pages within the article, you can add a pinpoint citation after the initial page number, separated by a comma and enclosed in parentheses. For instance, "(2022) (discussing advancements on pp. 125–28)."
It is important to note that the Bluebook distinguishes between citations in footnotes and those in the bibliography. In footnotes, the citation format remains the same, but in the bibliography, the citation may include additional details, such as the author’s full name and the full title of the law review. However, for most legal writing, citations to law review articles are primarily included in footnotes rather than a separate bibliography.
Finally, when citing to the *Boston University Law Review* in the Bluebook format, ensure that all elements are correctly punctuated and spaced. The Bluebook requires specific use of commas, periods, and italics, so attention to detail is crucial. For example, there should be a space between the volume number and the abbreviated journal name, and the page number should follow immediately after the abbreviation. By following these guidelines, you can accurately and professionally cite the *Boston University Law Review* in your legal writing.
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Online vs. Print Sources
When citing the *Boston University Law Review* (BULR), understanding the differences between online and print sources is crucial for accuracy and adherence to legal citation standards. The *Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation* provides specific guidelines for both formats, and these distinctions must be carefully observed. For print sources, the citation typically includes the volume number, abbreviated journal name, page number, and publication year. For example, a basic citation for a print article in the BULR would look like this: *Author’s Name, Article Title, 99 B.U. L. Rev. 1234 (2020)*. This format is straightforward and has been the standard for decades, offering clarity and consistency in legal scholarship.
In contrast, citing online sources from the *Boston University Law Review* requires additional elements to account for the digital nature of the material. The *Bluebook* mandates including the URL or a stable identifier, such as a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), to ensure accessibility. For instance, an online citation might appear as follows: *Author’s Name, Article Title, 99 B.U. L. Rev. 1234 (2020), https://www.bu.edu/lawreview/vol99/issue2/article3*. If a DOI is available, it should be used instead of or in addition to the URL, as it provides a more permanent link. For example: *Author’s Name, Article Title, 99 B.U. L. Rev. 1234 (2020), doi:10.22045/bu.law.v99i2.1234*. This ensures that the source remains traceable even if the URL changes.
One key difference between online and print citations is the inclusion of access dates for online sources. While not always required, the *Bluebook* recommends adding an access date for websites or resources that may change over time. For example: *Author’s Name, Article Title, 99 B.U. L. Rev. 1234 (2020), https://www.bu.edu/lawreview/vol99/issue2/article3 (last visited June 1, 2023)*. This practice enhances the reliability of the citation by indicating when the source was last verified. Print sources, however, do not require access dates since the physical copy remains static.
Another important consideration is the format of parallel citations for online sources. If an article is available both in print and online, the citation should include both formats. For example: *Author’s Name, Article Title, 99 B.U. L. Rev. 1234 (2020), https://www.bu.edu/lawreview/vol99/issue2/article3*. This dual citation ensures that readers can access the article in either medium, depending on their preference or availability. However, if the online version is the primary or only source, the citation should reflect that clearly.
Finally, it is essential to verify the specific requirements of the *Boston University Law Review* itself, as journals may have additional style preferences or guidelines. While the *Bluebook* provides the foundational rules, individual journals often have nuances in their citation practices. For example, BULR may prefer a particular format for DOIs or URLs, or it may have specific instructions for citing online-exclusive content. Always consult the journal’s guidelines or recent issues to ensure compliance with their standards. By carefully distinguishing between online and print sources, you can create accurate and professional citations that meet both *Bluebook* and BULR expectations.
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In-Text vs. Footnote Citations
When citing the *Boston University Law Review* (BULR), understanding the difference between in-text and footnote citations is crucial, especially depending on the citation style you are using, such as Bluebook or APA. In-text citations are brief references placed within the body of your text, typically in parentheses, and are commonly used in styles like APA. For example, if you are referencing an article from BULR, an in-text citation might look like this: (Smith, 2022, p. 45). This format includes the author’s last name, publication year, and page number. However, in-text citations are less common in legal writing, where footnote citations are the standard.
Footnote citations, on the other hand, are placed at the bottom of the page and are the primary method for citing sources in legal writing, including when referencing the *Boston University Law Review*. According to the Bluebook, the authoritative guide for legal citations, a footnote citation for a BULR article would include the author’s full name, article title, volume number, journal title, page number, and publication year. For example: John Doe, *The Evolution of Property Rights*, 100 B.U. L. Rev. 1234 (2020). This format provides comprehensive information about the source and is preferred in legal scholarship for its precision and clarity.
The choice between in-text and footnote citations depends largely on the citation style required by your institution or publication. For legal writing, footnotes are almost always the preferred method because they allow for detailed citations without disrupting the flow of the text. In contrast, in-text citations are more common in social sciences and humanities, where brevity and directness are valued. When citing BULR, it is essential to adhere to the Bluebook’s guidelines for footnote citations to ensure accuracy and professionalism.
One key advantage of footnote citations is their ability to handle complex or multiple sources more effectively. For instance, if you need to cite multiple articles from BULR in a single sentence, footnotes allow you to list each citation separately without cluttering the main text. In-text citations, while concise, can become cumbersome when multiple sources are involved. Additionally, footnotes provide space for explanatory notes or additional context, which can be particularly useful in legal analysis.
In summary, when citing the *Boston University Law Review*, footnote citations are the standard in legal writing, following the Bluebook’s detailed guidelines. In-text citations, while used in other disciplines, are less common and less suitable for the precision required in legal scholarship. Understanding the differences between these citation methods ensures that your work is both accurate and compliant with the expectations of legal academia. Always verify the citation style requirements for your specific context to avoid errors.
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Citing Specific Sections/Pages
When citing specific sections or pages from the *Boston University Law Review*, precision is key to ensuring your citation accurately directs readers to the relevant material. The *Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation* provides the authoritative guidelines for legal citations, and its rules should be followed closely. To cite a specific page or section, you must include the volume number, the abbreviated journal name (*B.U. L. Rev.*), the page number where the article begins, and the precise page or section you are referencing. For example, if you are citing page 1234 of volume 90, the citation would appear as: *90 B.U. L. Rev. 1200, 1234*. This format ensures clarity and allows readers to locate the exact information you are discussing.
When referencing a specific section within an article, such as a footnote or a particular paragraph, you should include the pinpoint citation after the initial page range. For instance, if you are referring to footnote 45 on page 1234, the citation would be: *90 B.U. L. Rev. 1200, 1234 n.45*. If the section is identified by a paragraph number or other internal marker, follow the same principle. For example, if the article uses paragraph symbols (¶) and you are citing the fifth paragraph on page 1234, the citation would be: *90 B.U. L. Rev. 1200, 1234 ¶5*. Always ensure the pinpoint citation is concise and directly tied to the material you are referencing.
In cases where you are citing a range of pages within an article, include the full page range followed by the specific page or section you are discussing. For example, if the article spans pages 1200 to 1250 and you are referencing a point on page 1234, the citation would be: *90 B.U. L. Rev. 1200–50, 1234*. This approach provides context while still highlighting the precise location of the cited material. If the page range is extensive, consider abbreviating it to the first three and last three pages, such as *90 B.U. L. Rev. 1200–05, 1234*, to maintain readability.
For online sources or articles accessed through databases, include the specific page or section number if available, even if the format is electronic. For example, if the article is available on a database like Westlaw and you are citing page 1234, the citation would be: *90 B.U. L. Rev. 1200, 1234 (Westlaw)*. If the database uses paragraph numbering instead of page numbers, follow the same pinpoint citation format. For instance, if you are referencing the fifth paragraph, the citation would be: *90 B.U. L. Rev. 1200, ¶5 (Westlaw)*. Always verify the accuracy of the section or page number in the electronic version to ensure consistency with the print source.
Finally, when citing specific sections or pages in a parenthetical reference within your text, maintain the same level of detail as in a full citation. For example, if you are referencing a footnote in a sentence, write: "(see *90 B.U. L. Rev. 1200, 1234 n.45*)." This ensures that your in-text citations are as precise and informative as your full citations in the bibliography. Consistency in format and attention to detail will enhance the credibility of your work and facilitate ease of reference for your readers.
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Multiple Authors/Editors Rules
When citing a work with multiple authors or editors in the Boston University Law Review, it is essential to follow specific rules to ensure clarity and accuracy. For works with two authors, include both authors’ names in the citation, separated by an ampersand (&). For example, a citation would appear as: “John Doe & Jane Smith, *Title of Article*, 99 B.U. L. Rev. 1 (2019).” This format ensures that both contributors are properly acknowledged.
For works with three to ten authors, the Boston University Law Review requires listing all authors’ names in the first citation. For instance: “John Doe, Jane Smith, & Richard Roe, *Title of Article*, 99 B.U. L. Rev. 1 (2019).” However, in subsequent citations, you may use the shorthand “Doe et al.” to refer to the same work, maintaining consistency and brevity. This rule balances thoroughness with efficiency in legal writing.
When citing a work with more than ten authors, the Law Review permits the use of the first author’s name followed by “et al.” even in the first citation. For example: “John Doe et al., *Title of Article*, 99 B.U. L. Rev. 1 (2019).” This approach avoids clutter while still providing sufficient attribution. It is crucial to ensure that the use of “et al.” is consistent throughout the document.
For works with editors instead of authors, the citation format differs slightly. If the work has multiple editors, include their names in the citation, followed by the phrase “eds.” (for editors) before the title of the publication. For example: “John Doe & Jane Smith, eds., *Title of Book* (Publisher, Year).” If the editors are not the primary focus but are still relevant, their names can be included in a parenthetical or footnote, depending on the context.
Finally, when citing a work with both authors and editors, prioritize the authors’ names in the citation. For instance: “John Doe & Jane Smith, *Title of Article*, in Richard Roe & Mary Brown, eds., *Title of Book* (Publisher, Year).” This ensures that the primary contributors are prominently acknowledged while still crediting the editors’ role in the publication. Adhering to these rules ensures that citations in the Boston University Law Review are both precise and compliant with established standards.
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Frequently asked questions
In Bluebook style, cite the Boston University Law Review as follows: *Author’s Full Name*, *Title of Article*, Vol. Number* *Boston U. L. Rev.* *Page Number* (Year).
For an online article, use the following format: *Author’s Full Name*, *Title of Article*, Vol. Number* *Boston U. L. Rev.* *Page Number* (Year), available at [URL].
Yes, cite it as: *Author’s Full Name*, *Title of Article* (forthcoming *Year*, *Boston U. L. Rev.*) or *Author’s Full Name*, *Title of Article* (unpublished manuscript, Year).
