Gavin Howe
In the Malagasy language, which is spoken by around 25 million people in Madagascar and the Comoros, the names of family members depend on the rank and sex of the person in question. The Malagasy language is an Austronesian language and dialect continuum, with the standard variety, called Official Malagasy, being one of two official languages in Madagascar, alongside French. Unfortunately, I could not find the translation for brother-in-law in the Malagasy language.
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What You'll Learn
The definition of brother-in-law
The term "brother-in-law" refers to the brother of one's spouse, the husband of one's sibling, or the husband of one's spouse's sibling. In other words, if someone marries a person, their brother becomes the brother-in-law of that person's siblings. Likewise, the brothers of that person's siblings become that person's brothers-in-law.
In the Malagasy language, which is spoken in Madagascar, the term for "brother-in-law" is likely to be a translation of the English term, as Malagasy has adopted numerous loanwords from other languages. Malagasy is an Austronesian language that serves as the official language of Madagascar alongside French. It is spoken by around 25 million people in Madagascar and the Comoros, with most people in Madagascar speaking it as their first language. The language has a rich tradition of oratory arts and poetic histories and legends, with the national epic being "Ibonia," which tells the story of a Malagasy folk hero of the same name.
The Malagasy language has a variety of dialects, including Northern Malagasic, Central-Eastern Malagasic, and Southern Malagasic. The Merina dialect, spoken in the central plateau region where the capital Antananarivo is located, serves as the basis for Standard Malagasy, which is used by the government and media in Madagascar. The Latin script is used to write Malagasy, introduced by Western missionaries in the early 19th century.
French is also widely spoken in Madagascar, particularly among the educated population and in urban areas. This is due to the country's history as a French colony, with French being introduced by settlers and missionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, French serves as the primary language for international communication, and proficiency in French is often crucial for social mobility and advancement.
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The Malagasy language
Malagasy is the principal language spoken on the island of Madagascar. It is also spoken by Malagasy communities on neighbouring Indian Ocean islands such as Réunion, Mayotte, and Mauritius. Malagasy is the demonym of Madagascar and is used to refer to the people of Madagascar as well as their language. Malagasy is an Austronesian language and dialect continuum spoken by around 25 million people in Madagascar and the Comoros. It is the westernmost Austronesian language, brought to Madagascar by Austronesian speakers from the Sunda Islands around the 5th century AD. Malagasy is most closely related to the Maʼanyan language, which is still spoken on Borneo. The Malagasy language also includes numerous Malay loanwords, from the time of early Austronesian settlement and trading between Madagascar and the Sunda Islands. After 1000 AD, Malagasy incorporated numerous Bantu and Arabic loanwords brought over by traders and new settlers.
The word for "brother" in Malagasy is "rahalahy".
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French influence on Malagasy
Malagasy is the national language of Madagascar and is spoken by nearly the entire population of the country. It is also the most widely spoken language in the country, with around 25 million speakers. Malagasy is used across all regions of the island, although various dialects exist, including Northern Malagasic, Central-Eastern Malagasic, and Southern Malagasic. The standard variety, called Official Malagasy, is one of the official languages of Madagascar, alongside French.
French is the most commonly spoken foreign language in Madagascar, with around a quarter of the population speaking it. The country's bilingualism is due in large part to its history as a French colony. French traders and explorers began establishing a presence in Madagascar as early as 1642, and the country was formally colonized by France in 1895. During this period, French was mandated in all public and private schools, while Malagasy was restricted to its role as a vernacular language. Knowledge of French became essential for administrative positions, and it continues to be the primary language for international communication and is widely used in government, education, and the media.
The Malagasy language has Austronesian roots but has been influenced by African, Arabic, and European languages over the centuries. This includes French, with many French words entering the Malagasy language during the period of French colonization. The Latin script used to write Malagasy today was created by a Welsh missionary named David Jones and adopted in 1823.
Today, the Malagasy school system often requires students to be proficient in French, and all of the country's benchmark standardized tests are offered in French. This has proven challenging, as many teachers who teach French or other foreign languages have limited training or proficiency in the language. However, the bilingualism or multilingualism of the Malagasy populace fosters communication and cultural exchange among different communities, contributing to social cohesion and national unity.
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Dialects of Malagasy
Malagasy is an Austronesian language and dialect continuum spoken in Madagascar. It is the principal language spoken on the island, with around 18 to 25 million speakers. Malagasy is also spoken by communities on neighbouring Indian Ocean islands such as Réunion, Mayotte, and Mauritius, as well as by expatriate communities in Europe and North America.
Malagasy is divided into approximately 23 dialects, which can be grouped into three main dialect groups: Northern Malagasy, Central-Eastern Malagasy, and Southern Malagasy. These dialects are largely mutually intelligible, though some variation exists, and one travelling from the northernmost region of Madagascar may struggle with the language of the southernmost regions. The dialects are characterised by a high degree of lexical similarity. The Merina dialect, spoken in the central plateau of the island where the capital Antananarivo is located, is considered the national language of Madagascar and is the basis of Standard Malagasy, which is used by the government and media. Most people in Madagascar can understand the Merina dialect, though outside of the Imerina region, only the educated tend to be able to speak it.
The Malagasy language originates from the Southeast Barito languages, and its closest relative is the Ma'anyan language, still spoken on Borneo today. Malagasy has numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords, indicating that the original Austronesian settlers of Madagascar likely came from Borneo around 50–500 AD. After 1000 AD, these settlers mixed with Bantus and Arabs, and Malagasy incorporated numerous Bantu and Arabic loanwords.
The Malagasy writing system is based on the Latin alphabet and has 21 letters, though it originally used the Sorabe script, a local development of the Arabic script that is thought to date back to the 15th century. The Latin script was introduced by Western missionaries in the early 19th century and adopted in 1823.
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Madagascar's official languages
The official languages of Madagascar are Malagasy and French. Malagasy is the principal language spoken on the island of Madagascar and is of Austronesian origin. It is spoken by around 25 million people in Madagascar and the Comoros, with most people in Madagascar speaking it as their first language. Malagasy is divided into a dozen dialects between three main dialect groups: Northern Malagasic, Central-Eastern Malagasic, and Southern Malagasic. The dialect spoken in the central plateau of the island, where the capital Antananarivo is located, is the Merina dialect, which is considered the national language of Madagascar and the basis of Standard Malagasy. The Malagasy language is written in the Latin script, which was introduced by Western missionaries in the early 19th century. Previously, the Sorabe script was used, a local development of the Arabic script.
The standard variety of Malagasy, called Official Malagasy, is one of the official languages of Madagascar. It is the language of instruction in all public schools through grade five for all subjects and remains the language of instruction through high school for the subjects of history and the Malagasy language. Malagasy is also the mostly used language for advertisement. French, on the other hand, is the common language of private and public business. In 2024, French was spoken by around a quarter of the population in Madagascar, or 8.5 million people out of 32 million. French is spoken as a native language among elites in large cities and is used by the government and media in Madagascar.
The presence of a prominent national, official, and relatively standardized language—Malagasy—alongside French is a notable aspect of the linguistic situation in Madagascar, particularly when compared to many French-speaking African countries. French did not displace Malagasy, which maintained its status as the national lingua franca. Malagasy continues to serve as the primary language for domestic use, religion, and traditional culture. It is also worth noting that English is not widely spoken in Madagascar.
The Malagasy language originated from the Southeast Barito languages, with its closest relative being the Ma'anyan language, which is still spoken on Borneo today. Malagasy also includes numerous Malay loanwords, dating back to the early Austronesian settlement and trading between Madagascar and the Sunda Islands. After around 1000 AD, Malagasy incorporated numerous Bantu and Arabic loanwords brought over by traders and new settlers.
Unfortunately, I could not find specific information on how to say "brother-in-law" in the Malagasy language. However, according to general definitions, a brother-in-law is the brother of one's spouse, the husband of one's sibling, or the husband of one's spouse's sibling.
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