Kara Sears
Title I, the largest federal aid package for schools in America, was created as part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in 1965. It was passed by the 89th United States Congress and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson as part of his War on Poverty agenda. Title I is designed to provide federal funding to supplement state and local education funding for low-income students and aims to close the skill gap in reading, writing, and mathematics between children from low-income households and their middle-class counterparts. The law has undergone several reauthorizations and changes since its inception, with a focus on ensuring that funds are allocated solely to students in need and promoting equal access to education.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Name | Title I |
| Type | Federal law |
| Origin | Part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) |
| Year | 1965 |
| Administering body | U.S. Department of Education |
| Purpose | To distribute funding to schools and school districts with a high percentage of low-income students |
| Scope | All schools in America, including public schools, private schools, and homeschools |
| Eligibility | Schools with a high percentage of students from low-income families |
| Funding allocation | Funds are distributed to state educational agencies (SEAs), which then allocate to local educational agencies (LEAs), which dispense funds to public schools in need |
| Reauthorization | Every three years for the first 15 years; reauthorized as No Child Left Behind during the George W. Bush administration |
| Recent developments | In July 2023, the House Appropriations Committee passed a bill to allot $36 billion to address proficiency gaps affecting children from needy households |
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What You'll Learn
- Title I is part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
- It was passed in 1965 as part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty
- Title I is the largest federal aid package for schools in America
- It provides funding for low-income students in public schools
- The funding is distributed to state educational agencies (SEAs) and then to local educational agencies (LEAs)
Title I is part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
In addition to aiding low-income students, Title I also helps children from families that have recently migrated to the United States and youth from intervention programs who are neglected or at risk of abuse. The act allocates money for educational purposes for the next five fiscal years until it is reauthorized. Since its inception in 1965, Title I has changed considerably, with reauthorization occurring every three years and additional emphasis placed on how funds are allocated.
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It was passed in 1965 as part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty
Part of Johnson's "War on Poverty" agenda, the act has been one of the most far-reaching laws affecting education passed by the US Congress. It provides federal funding to primary and secondary education, with funds authorised for professional development, instructional materials, resources to support educational programs, and parental involvement promotion.
In the years following its creation, Title I has changed considerably. For the first 15 years, the program was reauthorized every three years, with additional emphasis placed on how funds were to be allocated. During these reauthorizations, strict federal rules and regulations were created to guarantee that funds would be allocated solely to students in need.
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Title I is the largest federal aid package for schools in America
The amount of Title I funding received by schools for low-income students has historically been quite small, at about 5% of annual per-pupil spending. However, in July, the House Appropriations Committee passed a bill to allot $36 billion to address proficiency gaps affecting children from needy households. This budget will double the federal government's typical spending in a fiscal year, providing an unprecedented boost for American schools.
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It provides funding for low-income students in public schools
To receive this benefit, parents or guardians must fill out an application with information about family size and income. This process is known as "targeted assistance". Once a district identifies a minimum of 10 students per school or at least 2% of school-age children eligible for free or reduced lunch, the district receives a grant of Title I money from the federal government. This funding is then used to implement research-based strategies to improve academic achievement for low-income students.
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The funding is distributed to state educational agencies (SEAs) and then to local educational agencies (LEAs)
The amount of Title I funding received by schools for low-income students has historically been very small, about 5% of annual per-pupil spending, although it varies by geography. The funding is intended to help these students meet the high academic standards also required by federal law.
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Frequently asked questions
Title I was created as part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) passed in 1965.
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed by the 89th United States Congress and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson as part of his "'War on Poverty' agenda. The act provides federal funding to primary and secondary education, with funds authorised for professional development, instructional materials, resources to support educational programs, and parental involvement promotion.
In the years following 1965, Title I has changed considerably. For the first 15 years, the program was reauthorized every three years with additional emphasis placed on how the funds were to be allocated. During these reauthorizations, strict federal rules and regulations were created to guarantee that funds would be allocated solely to students in need.
