Kara Sears
In California, most laws are enacted, repealed, or amended through bills, which are proposals to add new laws or change or repeal existing laws. An Assembly Bill (AB) is introduced in the Assembly, and a Senate Bill (SB) is introduced in the Senate. Bills are designated by number, in the order of introduction in each house. For example, AB 16 refers to the 16th bill introduced in the Assembly. Bills are assigned a chapter number by the Secretary of State when passed by the Legislature and approved by the Governor, becoming statutes and part of the California Codes.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Type of Bill | Assembly Bill (AB) |
| Introduced in | Assembly |
| Type of Bill | Senate Bill (SB) |
| Introduced in | Senate |
| Example | AB 1825 |
| Example | SB 1343 |
| AB 1825 | "Old law" for companies with over 50 employees |
| Training only required for managers/supervisors | |
| SB 1343 | "New law" for companies with over 5 employees |
| Training required for both employees and managers/supervisors | |
| Example | AB 3218 |
| Example | SB 1230 |
| AB 3218 and SB 1230 | Close loopholes in SB 793, California's flavor law |
| Prohibit the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products | |
| Strengthen and streamline enforcement against prohibited flavored tobacco product sales |
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What You'll Learn
- Assembly Bill (AB) is introduced in the Assembly
- Senate Bill (SB) is introduced in the Senate
- Bills are designated by number, in the order of introduction
- Bills require approval from both houses to become law
- Bills are sent to the Governor to be signed into law, vetoed, or become law without a signature
Assembly Bill (AB) is introduced in the Assembly
In California, an Assembly Bill (AB) is a proposal to change, repeal, or add to existing state law. It is introduced in the Assembly, which is one of the two houses of the California State Legislature, the other being the Senate. Bills are designated by number, in the order of introduction in each house. For example, AB 1825 refers to the 1825th bill introduced in the Assembly. The numbering starts afresh each session.
The legislative procedure for an Assembly Bill begins when a legislator decides to author a bill. The legislator sends the idea for the bill to the California Office of the Legislative Counsel, which drafts it into bill form and returns the draft to the legislator for introduction. The bill is then assigned to the appropriate policy committee for review, hearings, and consideration. If the committee approves the bill, it is reported out of the committee and placed on the calendar for consideration by the entire chamber. The bill is then read and considered by the full Assembly, which may amend it. If the Assembly passes the bill, it is sent to the Senate, where it goes through a similar process. If the Senate also passes the bill, it is sent to the Governor, who may sign it into law, allow it to become law without a signature, or veto it. If the Governor vetoes the bill, it is returned to the Assembly, where the veto may be overridden by a two-thirds vote of both houses.
Assembly Bills have been used to address a variety of issues in California. For example, Assembly Bill 1825 (AB 1825) addressed sexual harassment in the workplace, requiring companies with 50 or more employees to train their managers and supervisors on issues related to sexual harassment. Another example is Assembly Bill 3218 (AB 3218), which closed loopholes in California's flavor law prohibiting the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products and strengthened enforcement against prohibited sales.
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Senate Bill (SB) is introduced in the Senate
In California, a bill is a proposal to change, repeal, or add to existing state law. An Assembly Bill (AB) is introduced in the Assembly, and a Senate Bill (SB) is introduced in the Senate. Bills are designated by number, in the order of their introduction in each house. For example, AB 16 refers to the 16th bill introduced in the Assembly.
A Senate Bill (SB) is introduced in the Senate. The legislative procedure begins when a Senator decides to author a bill. The Senator sends the idea for the bill to the California Office of the Legislative Counsel, which drafts it into bill form and returns the draft to the Senator for introduction. Once introduced, the bill is designated a number based on its order of introduction in the Senate. For example, SB 1343 refers to the 1343rd bill introduced in the Senate.
Senate Bill 1343 (SB 1343) is a piece of legislation in California that addresses sexual harassment training in the workplace. The bill requires all California organizations with five or more employees (including full-time, part-time, interns, and volunteers) to provide a one-hour anti-harassment training to their non-supervisory employees and a two-hour anti-harassment training to their managers and supervisors. These initial trainings were required to be completed by December 31, 2019.
Another example of a Senate Bill is SB 1230, which was passed alongside Assembly Bill AB 3218. These two laws work together to close loopholes in California's flavor law, which prohibits the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products. SB 1230 expands and clarifies restrictions on delivery sales, explicitly prohibiting delivery sellers in California, including online and remote delivery services, from selling tobacco products that are not on the Unflavored Tobacco List (UTL). It also requires all delivery sellers to be licensed under state law and to abide by any state or local tobacco control laws.
Senate Bills are an important part of the legislative process in California, allowing Senators to propose and enact changes to the state's laws.
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Bills are designated by number, in the order of introduction
In California, most laws are enacted, repealed, or amended through bills, which are proposals to add new laws or change or repeal existing ones. An Assembly Bill (AB) is introduced in the Assembly, while a Senate Bill (SB) is introduced in the Senate. Bills are designated by number, in the order of their introduction in each house. For example, AB 1825 refers to the bill introduced in the Assembly, and SB 1343 refers to the bill introduced in the Senate.
AB 1825, also known as the "old law", required companies with over 50 employees to train their managers and supervisors on issues related to sexual harassment. This law helped managers and supervisors understand the laws surrounding harassment and discrimination, as well as what was allowed and prohibited. However, with the rise of the #MeToo movement, it became apparent that many employees did not fully understand these laws as their companies were not required to train their entire teams.
To address this, the California Legislature created SB 1343, or the "new law". This bill requires all California organisations with 5 or more employees to provide a 1-hour anti-harassment training to non-supervisory employees and a 2-hour anti-harassment training to managers and supervisors. These trainings must be completed within a certain timeframe.
Another example is AB 3218 and SB 1230, which are two new laws passed in California. These laws aim to strengthen the enforcement of SB 793, California's flavour law, which prohibits the retail sale of most flavoured tobacco products. AB 3218 and SB 1230 close loopholes in the existing law and expand restrictions on delivery sales, explicitly prohibiting online and remote delivery sellers from selling tobacco products that are not on the Unflavored Tobacco List (UTL).
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Bills require approval from both houses to become law
In California, most laws are enacted, repealed, or amended through bills, which are proposals to add new laws or change or repeal existing laws. A bill is a proposal to change, repeal, or add to existing state law. An Assembly Bill (AB) is introduced in the Assembly, while a Senate Bill (SB) is introduced in the Senate. Bills are designated by number, in the order of introduction in each house. For example, AB 1825 refers to the 1825th bill introduced in the Assembly.
For a bill to become law, it must be passed in both houses by at least a simple majority. A two-thirds vote is required if the bill contains a General Fund appropriation, unless the appropriation is for education, in which case only a majority vote is needed. After passing both houses of the Legislature, the bill is sent to the Governor, who may sign or veto it within a specified period (either 12 or 30 days, depending on when it is sent). If the Governor takes no action, the bill becomes law without their signature.
If a bill is amended in the second house and passed, it is returned to the house of origin for consideration of amendments. The house of origin may concur with the amendments and send the bill to the Governor, or reject the amendments and submit it to a two-house conference committee. If either house rejects the conference report, a second or third committee can be formed. If both houses adopt the report, the bill is sent to the Governor.
Within 30 days of receiving a bill, the Governor may sign it into law, allow it to become law without their signature, or veto it. A vetoed bill is returned to the house of origin, where a two-thirds vote in both houses can override the veto.
In summary, for a bill to become law in California, it must be passed by both houses of the Legislature and approved by the Governor. This process applies to both Assembly Bills (AB) and Senate Bills (SB), with the numbering indicating the order of introduction in each respective house.
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Bills are sent to the Governor to be signed into law, vetoed, or become law without a signature
In California, most laws are enacted, repealed, or amended through bills, which are proposals to add new laws or change or repeal existing laws. An Assembly Bill (AB) is introduced in the Assembly, while a Senate Bill (SB) is introduced in the Senate. Bills are designated by number, in the order of introduction in each house. For example, AB 16 refers to the 16th bill introduced in the Assembly.
Once a bill is passed by the Legislature, it is sent to the Governor, who may either sign it into law, veto it, or allow it to become law without their signature. The Governor has a specified period of time (either 12 or 30 days, depending on when the bill is sent to them) to make this decision. If the Governor fails to act on a bill within the prescribed period, the measure becomes law without their signature. This is different from a "pocket veto", which does not exist in California.
If the Governor signs the bill, it becomes a law. Some statutes go into effect as soon as the governor signs them, including acts calling for elections and urgency measures necessary for the immediate preservation of public peace, health, or safety. Ordinarily, a law passed during a regular session takes effect on January 1 of the following year.
As an example, California recently passed two new laws: Assembly Bill (AB) 3218 and Senate Bill (SB) 1230. These laws close loopholes in California's flavor law prohibiting the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products and strengthen and streamline enforcement against prohibited flavored tobacco product sales.
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Frequently asked questions
AB laws, or Assembly Bills, are introduced in the Assembly, whereas SB laws, or Senate Bills, are introduced in the Senate.
AB 1825, AB 2053, AB 685, and AB 3218 are some examples of Assembly Bills. AB 1825 requires companies with 50 or more employees to train their managers and supervisors on sexual harassment. AB 2053 requires companies to also train on "abusive conduct". AB 685 modifies occupational safety standards to require employers to provide notice and report information related to COVID-19 exposures. AB 3218 closes loopholes in SB 793, California's flavor law, prohibiting the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products.
SB 1343, SB 778, SB 1159, and SB 1230 are some examples of Senate Bills. SB 1343 requires all California organizations with 5 or more employees to provide a 1-hour anti-harassment training to their non-supervisory employees and a 2-hour anti-harassment training to their managers/supervisors. SB 778 changed the deadline for SB 1343 compliance. SB 1159 creates a rebuttable presumption for workers' compensation coverage for employees who contract COVID-19. SB 1230 strengthens and streamlines enforcement against prohibited flavored tobacco product sales.
