Keith Mack
Queen Catherine of Aragon was the wife of King Henry VIII's older brother, Arthur. After Arthur's death, Catherine became Henry VIII's wife, thus making her Henry's brother's widow. Henry VIII was convinced that his marriage to Catherine was cursed, as he believed that a man who marries his brother's wife will be childless. This interpretation of scripture, coupled with Catherine's inability to bear children, led Henry to seek an annulment from the Pope. When Pope Clement VII refused to annul the marriage, Henry defied him by assuming supremacy over religious matters in England. In 1533, their marriage was declared invalid, and Henry married Anne Boleyn.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Name | Elizabeth of York |
| Date of Birth | 11 February 1466 |
| Date of Death | 11 February 1503 |
| Title | Queen of England |
| Husband | King Henry VII |
| Father | King Edward IV |
| Mother | Elizabeth Woodville |
| Paternal Aunt | Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk |
| Uncle | Richard III |
| Brother | Edward V |
| Brother-in-law | Arthur |
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What You'll Learn
Elizabeth of York married King Henry VII
Elizabeth of York, born on February 11, 1466, was the eldest daughter of King Edward IV and his wife, Elizabeth Woodville. She was renowned for her beauty, inheriting many traits from her mother, who was considered one of the most beautiful women in the British Isles. Elizabeth of York was also tall, standing at 5 feet 6 inches or more, which was unusual for women of her generation.
Elizabeth played an important role in the Wars of the Roses and the early Tudor story. Her younger brothers, known as the "Princes in the Tower," mysteriously disappeared from the Tower of London after their uncle, Richard III, seized the throne in 1483. Richard III had Elizabeth's father's marriage declared invalid, bastardizing Elizabeth and her siblings and making himself the rightful king. Richard III contemplated marrying Elizabeth, but in 1485, Henry Tudor, who claimed to be the heir to the House of Lancaster, defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth and founded the Tudor dynasty.
Elizabeth's marriage to Henry Tudor, who became King Henry VII, was hugely popular as it united the white rose of York and the red rose of Lancaster, bringing peace after years of dynastic war. The marriage required a papal dispensation due to their close degrees of descent from common ancestors, but it was ultimately approved by Pope Innocent VIII in March 1486, two months after the wedding.
Elizabeth of York was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on January 18, 1486, until her death on February 11, 1503. She played a traditional role as queen, helping to arrange her children's marriages and accompanying her husband on diplomatic visits. Elizabeth and Henry VII had several children, including Arthur, Prince of Wales, who died at a young age, and Henry, who became King Henry VIII. Elizabeth also had daughters, Margaret and Mary, who became queens of Scotland and France, respectively. Elizabeth of York was an influential figure, evidenced by the many gifts she received from powerful people, and her marriage to Henry VII appears to have been happy and successful.
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Catherine of Aragon married King Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon was the first wife of King Henry VIII of England. She was born in 1485 and died in 1536. Catherine was initially betrothed to marry Crown Prince Arthur, the older brother of Henry. However, after Arthur's death, Catherine married Henry, who was five years her junior.
Catherine's marriage to Henry VIII was significant in strengthening the alliance between England and Spain. She was renowned and well-loved by the English people. However, when Henry sought to annul their marriage, it triggered a break between Henry and Rome, leading to the English Reformation. Despite the refusal of Pope Clement VII to annul the marriage, Henry separated from Catherine in 1531 and married Anne Boleyn in 1533. Henry's own archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, eventually annulled the marriage to Catherine, and Henry became the head of the English church.
Catherine of Aragon's life and marriage to Henry VIII have been depicted in various forms of media, including plays, statues, and paintings. Her speech at the Legatine Trial was accurately portrayed in Shakespeare's play about Henry VIII, and her tomb in Peterborough Cathedral continues to be adorned with flowers and her heraldic symbol, the pomegranate.
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Queen Victoria's uncle, King George IV, married his cousin
Queen Victoria, who ruled from 1837 to 1901, was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III and Queen Charlotte. She was born at Kensington Palace, London, on 24 May 1819. Her father died shortly after her birth, and she became heir to the throne because the three uncles who were ahead of her in the succession—George IV, Frederick Duke of York, and William IV—had no legitimate children who survived.
Victoria's uncle, King George IV, was king from 1820 to 1830. He was the son of King George III, who was the younger brother of Princess Augusta Frederica. King George IV married his cousin, Caroline, who was the daughter of Princess Augusta Frederica. King George IV and Caroline shared a grandfather, making them first cousins. They were not pleased with the prospect of marrying each other.
Caroline gave birth to a daughter, Princess Charlotte, less than a year after their marriage in 1795. Shortly thereafter, the couple separated permanently. Princess Charlotte went on to marry Leopold of Saxe-Coburg in 1816, but she died without an heir in 1817, kicking off a succession crisis. This resulted in a "baby race" among the brothers, which was won by Victoria's father, the Duke of Kent, whose wife gave birth to Victoria in 1819.
Victoria herself also married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, earning Victoria the nickname "grandmother of Europe".
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Queen Victoria's son, King Edward VII, married his cousin
Queen Victoria was the longest-reigning British monarch and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history until her great-great-granddaughter, Queen Elizabeth II, surpassed her in 2015. Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III and Queen Charlotte. She married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. They had nine children, including their eldest son, Albert Edward, who succeeded Victoria as King Edward VII.
Like his mother, King Edward VII also married his cousin, Alexandra of Denmark, in 1863. Alexandra was a great-great-granddaughter of King George II, making her and Edward VII third cousins. Edward VII was the great-great-grandson of King George II, as his mother, Queen Victoria, was the great-granddaughter of King George III.
King Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark were Queen Elizabeth II's great-grandparents. Therefore, Queen Elizabeth II and her husband, Prince Philip, could call Queen Victoria "Great-Great-Grandmum," making them third cousins. Queen Victoria's daughter, Princess Alice, was Prince Philip's great-grandmother.
The cousin connections don't stop there. Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip are also related through King Christian IX of Denmark. King Christian IX was the father of Alexandra of Denmark, who was Queen Elizabeth's great-grandmother. King Christian IX was also the father of Prince George I of Greece, who was the father of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark, who was Prince Philip's father. Therefore, King Christian IX was also Prince Philip's great-grandfather.
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King George V married his second cousin, Mary of Teck
Queen Elizabeth II's grandfather, King George V, married his second cousin, Mary of Teck. Mary was born Princess Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes of Teck at Kensington Palace on 26 May 1867. She was known as Princess May until 1911, when she became Queen. Her father, Prince Francis, Duke of Teck, was a German nobleman, and her mother, Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, was a granddaughter of King George III, making her a second cousin to George V.
Mary was initially betrothed to Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, who was her second cousin once removed. However, he died unexpectedly during an influenza pandemic just six weeks after their engagement was announced. Mary and George, who was next in line to the throne, became close during their shared period of mourning. They decided to marry in 1893, and their first child, Edward, was born the following year. The couple had five more children: Albert, Mary, Henry, George, and John.
As Queen Consort, Mary supported her husband through World War I, his ill health, and major political changes following the war. She continued to be a source of support during the 1926 General Strike and when her husband's health began to deteriorate in 1928. In his Silver Jubilee speech in 1935, King George publicly expressed his appreciation for his wife, telling his speechwriter, "Put that paragraph at the very end. I cannot trust myself to speak of the Queen when I think of all I owe her."
When George V passed away in January 1936, Queen Mary wrote that her heart was broken, and the king's death was swiftly followed by another crisis: the abdication of her eldest son, Edward VIII, who intended to marry the twice-divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. Mary disapproved of divorce as it went against the teachings of the Anglican Church, and she refused to meet Simpson. Instead, she supported her second son, Bertie, who became King George VI.
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Frequently asked questions
Catherine of Aragon was the widow of Arthur, Prince of Wales, and later became the first wife of King Henry VIII, his younger brother.
No, Catherine and Arthur's marriage did not produce any children.
Henry VIII believed that his marriage to Catherine was cursed because he interpreted the Bible to say that a marriage between a man and his brother's wife would be childless.
