Keith Mack
The Nazis committed a number of crimes, including breaking their own laws. The Nuremberg Laws, enacted in 1935, were antisemitic and racist laws that forbade marriages and extramarital intercourse between Jews and Germans, and the employment of German females under 45 in Jewish households. The Nazis also passed the Reich Citizenship Law, which declared that only those of German or related blood were eligible for Reich citizenship, while the remainder were classed as state subjects without any citizenship rights.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Crimes against humanity | Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population |
| Persecution on political, racial, or religious grounds | |
| Violation of domestic law | |
| Boycott of Jewish businesses | |
| Exclusion of so-called non-Aryans from the legal profession, civil service, and teaching in schools and universities | |
| Defining German citizenship by blood | |
| Forbidding marriages between Germans and Jews |
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What You'll Learn
The Nuremberg Laws
The Nazis committed a range of crimes against humanity, including murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war. They also persecuted people on political, racial, or religious grounds. Twenty-four Nazi officials were indicted for these crimes on 6 October 1945, including Hermann Goring (Speaker of the Reichstag), Rudolf Hess (Nazi Deputy Leader), Joachim von Ribbentrop (Foreign Minister), and Wilhelm Keitel (Head of the Armed Forces). The verdicts included 12 death sentences, three life imprisonments, four prison terms of 10–20 years, and three acquittals.
After Hitler rose to power in 1933, the Nazis began to implement antisemitic policies, which included the formation of a Volksgemeinschaft (people's community) based on race. Hitler declared a national boycott of Jewish businesses on 1 April 1933, and the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, passed on 7 April, excluded so-called non-Aryans from the legal profession, the civil service, and from teaching in secondary schools and universities.
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The Reich Citizenship Law
The Nuremberg Laws were discovered by the Counterintelligence Corps team in 1945, and they have since been used to understand the adoption of Nazi policies and the gradual process by which Germany became a dictatorship. The laws were also exhibited at the Skirball Cultural Center, providing a public memorial to the victims of the Nazis and a reminder of the dangers of racial discrimination and persecution.
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The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour
The Nuremberg Laws were two in a series of key decrees, legislative acts, and case law in the gradual process by which the Nazi leadership moved Germany from a democracy to a dictatorship. The Nuremberg Race Laws were two distinct laws passed in Nazi Germany in September 1935: the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour.
The law was part of a series of antisemitic policies implemented by the Nazis after Hitler rose to power in 1933. These policies included the formation of a Volksgemeinschaft (people's community) based on race, as well as a national boycott of Jewish businesses declared by Hitler on 1 April 1933. The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, passed on 7 April 1933, excluded so-called non-Aryans from the legal profession, the civil service, and from teaching in secondary schools and universities.
The Nuremberg Laws were discovered by the Counterintelligence Corps team in 1945 and subsequently acquired by General Patton. They were held by the Huntington Library from 1945 to 1999 and were later exhibited at the Skirball Cultural Center. The original Nuremberg Laws came to the National Archives in 2010.
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The Nazi persecution of the Jews
One of the first steps in this process was the passing of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service in April 1933, which excluded Jews from the legal profession, the civil service, and teaching positions. This was followed by a national boycott of Jewish businesses, also declared by Hitler.
The Nuremberg Race Laws, passed in 1935, further entrenched discrimination against Jews. These laws, which included the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, defined German citizenship by blood and forbade marriages between Germans and Jews.
The Nazis' persecution of the Jews escalated throughout the 1930s and during World War II, culminating in the Holocaust, in which millions of Jews were systematically murdered in death camps across Europe. The Nazis' crimes against humanity included murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and persecution on racial and religious grounds.
The Nuremberg Trials, which began in 1945, saw 24 Nazi officials indicted for crimes against humanity, including Hermann Goring, Rudolf Hess, and Joachim von Ribbentrop. The verdicts included 12 death sentences and three life imprisonments.
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The Nazi regime's decrees
The Nazi regime committed numerous crimes against humanity, including murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against civilian populations. Twenty-four Nazi officials were indicted for these crimes on 6 October 1945, including Hermann Goring, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, and Wilhelm Keitel. The verdicts included 12 death sentences, three life imprisonments, four prison terms of 10-20 years, and three acquittals.
The Nuremberg Laws were discovered by the Counterintelligence Corps team in 1945 and subsequently acquired by General Patton. The laws were then held by the Huntington Library from 1945 to 1999 before being exhibited at the Skirball Cultural Center. The original Nuremberg Laws were transferred to the National Archives in 2010, where they are now available for public viewing.
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Frequently asked questions
The Nuremberg Laws, which were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, were antisemitic and racist laws that forbade marriages and extramarital intercourse between Jews and Germans, and the employment of German females under 45 in Jewish households. The laws also declared that only those of German or related blood were eligible to be Reich citizens. The remainder were classed as state subjects without any citizenship rights.
The Nuremberg Laws were two in a series of key decrees, legislative acts, and case law in the gradual process by which the Nazi leadership moved Germany from a democracy to a dictatorship.
The Nazis used the power of the state to apply force against the Jews, issuing decrees that intensified their measures against them.
