Gavin Howe
The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products. In the reaction between magnesium and oxygen to produce magnesium oxide, the total mass stays the same. This is because the product, magnesium oxide, has a different composition and different properties to the reactants, but its mass is the same as the combined masses of the substances that reacted.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Magnesium oxide is a compound | Magnesium and oxygen are elements |
| Magnesium oxide has different physical and chemical properties to magnesium and oxygen | Magnesium oxide is a white powder with a high melting point |
| The mass of magnesium oxide equals the mass of the substances that reacted | The mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products |
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What You'll Learn
- Magnesium oxide has different properties to its reactants, magnesium and oxygen
- The mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products
- The reaction obeys the law of conservation of elements
- The total mass stays the same if the mass of the gas is included
- The reaction describes the formation of a new substance
Magnesium oxide has different properties to its reactants, magnesium and oxygen
Despite these differences, the law of conservation of mass is not broken because the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products. For example, if you were to seal magnesium and air in a glass vessel, weigh it, heat it to promote reaction, and then weigh the vessel again, you would find that there was no change in total mass. The mass of the product, magnesium oxide, would exactly equal the masses of the substances that reacted (oxygen gas and magnesium metal).
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The mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products
The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products. This is true of the reaction between magnesium and oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
Magnesium is a brittle, lightweight, silver-white metal. Oxygen is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas. When these two elements react, they form a new substance, magnesium oxide, which is a compound. This compound has a different composition and different properties to the original elements. It is a powdery, white substance with a high melting point and is hygroscopic, meaning it can react with moisture in the air.
Despite the physical and chemical differences between the reactants and the product, the total mass remains the same. This is because no matter is lost or created during a chemical reaction. If the reaction is carried out in a sealed container, the mass of the container and its contents before and after the reaction will be the same. This is true even though the physical state of the substances has changed dramatically.
The law of conservation of mass can be applied to this reaction. The minimum amount of magnesium required to completely react with 16.0 grams of oxygen to produce 40.3 grams of magnesium oxide is 24.3 grams. This calculation is based on the law of conservation of mass, which states that the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products.
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The reaction obeys the law of conservation of elements
The reaction between magnesium and oxygen to form magnesium oxide obeys the law of conservation of elements. This is because the product of the reaction, magnesium oxide, is a compound, while the reactants, magnesium and oxygen, are elements. The law of conservation of elements states that atoms of elements can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. In this case, the reaction arrow shows that the elements magnesium and oxygen appear on both sides of the equation. This means that the atoms of magnesium and oxygen are not created or destroyed, but rearranged to form a new compound.
The law of conservation of mass also applies to this reaction. This law states that the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products. In the reaction of magnesium and oxygen to form magnesium oxide, the total mass of the reactants (magnesium and oxygen) is equal to the total mass of the product (magnesium oxide). This can be demonstrated by sealing magnesium and air in a glass vessel, heating it to promote the reaction, and then weighing the vessel before and after the reaction. The mass of the vessel should remain the same, indicating that no matter is lost or created during the reaction.
Magnesium oxide has different physical and chemical properties compared to its reactants, magnesium and oxygen. Magnesium is a brittle, lightweight, silver-white metal, while oxygen is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas. On the other hand, magnesium oxide is a powdery, white substance with a high melting point and the ability to react with moisture in the air. Despite these differences in properties, the law of conservation of elements is still obeyed because the atoms of magnesium and oxygen are not created or destroyed during the reaction.
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The total mass stays the same if the mass of the gas is included
The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products. In the case of magnesium oxide, the reactants are magnesium and oxygen, and the product is magnesium oxide.
Magnesium is a lightweight, silver-white metal, while oxygen is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas. Magnesium oxide is a powdery, white substance with a high melting point. Despite the different physical states of the reactants and the product, the total mass stays the same if the mass of the gas is included.
If you were to seal magnesium and air together in a glass vessel, weigh it, heat it to promote a reaction, and then weigh the vessel again, you would find that there was no change in total mass. The mass of the product, magnesium oxide, would exactly equal the masses of the substances that reacted (oxygen gas and magnesium metal). This is because no matter is lost or created during a chemical reaction.
For example, a minimum of 24.3 grams of magnesium is required to completely react with 16.0 grams of oxygen to produce 40.3 grams of magnesium oxide.
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The reaction describes the formation of a new substance
The reaction of magnesium and oxygen to form magnesium oxide describes the formation of a new substance. This reaction obeys the law of conservation of elements, which states that atoms of elements can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The reactants, magnesium and oxygen, are elements, while the product of the reaction, magnesium oxide, is a compound with different properties.
Magnesium oxide has a different composition and different properties to the reactants. It is a white, powdery substance with a high melting point and is hygroscopic, meaning it can react with moisture in the air. In contrast, magnesium is a lightweight, silver-white metal, and oxygen is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas.
The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products. This is demonstrated in the reaction of magnesium and oxygen to form magnesium oxide, where the total mass remains the same if the mass of any gas gained or lost is included. For example, if the magnesium and air are sealed in a glass vessel, the mass of the product, magnesium oxide, will exactly equal the masses of the substances that reacted.
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Frequently asked questions
The law of conservation of elements states that atoms of elements can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. In the reaction between magnesium and oxygen, the only elements that appear on both sides of the reaction arrow are magnesium and oxygen. This means that the reaction obeys the law of conservation of elements.
The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products. In the reaction between magnesium and oxygen, the mass of the product, magnesium oxide, exactly equals the masses of the substances that reacted (oxygen gas and magnesium metal).
We can prove this by sealing magnesium and air together in a glass vessel, weighing it, heating it to promote reaction, and then weighing the vessel again. We would find that there was no change in total mass, proving that the law of conservation of mass is obeyed.
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