Scooter Laws: Public Vs Private Ownership

Electric scooters are a popular mode of transport in cities across the globe, but the laws surrounding their usage vary from place to place. In the UK, electric scooters are legal to own but can only be used on private land with the landowner's permission. In the US, the laws vary from state to state. For example, in California, electric scooters are treated as motorized scooters, and riders need a valid driver's license or instruction permit. In contrast, in Florida, no driver's license is required, but riders must be at least 16 years old. In Alabama, electric scooters are classified as motor vehicles and are subject to the same rules as motorcycles. With the popularity of electric scooters on the rise, it's important to understand the specific laws and regulations in your area to ensure safe and legal usage.

Electric scooter laws in the UK

Electric scooters, or e-scooters, are becoming an increasingly popular mode of transport in the UK. However, their use is restricted, and they exist in a legal grey area.

Current UK Laws on Electric Scooters

In the UK, it is legal to buy, sell, and own an e-scooter. However, under current UK law, e-scooters are considered "powered transporters," which means they are subject to the same laws and regulations as motor vehicles. As a result, it is illegal to use privately owned e-scooters on public roads, pavements, cycle lanes, or in pedestrianised areas. The only exception to this is the government-approved rental trials taking place in several cities across the UK, where e-scooters can be used on roads and cycle lanes.

Penalties for Misuse of Private E-Scooters

If a privately-owned e-scooter is used in a public space, riders may face fines of up to £300, up to six penalty points on their driving licence, and their e-scooter may be impounded. In more serious cases, riders could face driving disqualification and unlimited fines if the case goes to court.

Future Changes to Electric Scooter Laws

The UK government has been working towards legalising private e-scooter use on public roads. On May 10, 2022, plans to legalise e-scooters were included in the Queen's Speech, and the government has extended the rental trials to gather more data and analyse the safety of e-scooters. The Transport Secretary, Grant Shapps, supports the move as part of plans to reduce carbon emissions.

Expected Safety Regulations

While the full details of the planned regulations have not been revealed, the government has indicated that safety will be a top priority. It is expected that regulations will include speed limits, requirements for lights, and potentially, the mandatory use of helmets. Any regulation allowing private e-scooters in public spaces will likely restrict their use to roads and ban them from pavements to protect pedestrians.

In conclusion, while electric scooters can be legally bought and owned in the UK, their use is currently restricted to private land. The UK government is working towards legalising their use on public roads, with an emphasis on safety and reducing carbon emissions. Until new regulations are implemented, users of private e-scooters on public land may face penalties and fines.

Electric scooter laws in the US

Licensing Requirements

In most states, you are not required to obtain a special e-scooter license. However, some states, such as California, Arkansas, Massachusetts, and Missouri, do mandate that riders have a valid driver's license. The minimum age for a driver's license is 16 years old in most states, but this may vary. Additionally, some states may require riders to be at least 18 years old to rent a shared electric scooter from companies like Bird or Lime.

Where Can You Ride?

Electric scooters are typically allowed on roads with speed limits of 25-35 mph. They are often permitted to ride in bike lanes as well. However, there are some states, such as Pennsylvania and Delaware, that prohibit scooters on streets completely. It's important to note that specific rules can vary from state to state and even from city to city, so be sure to familiarize yourself with local regulations before riding.

Age Restrictions

Most states require riders to be at least 16 years old to operate an electric scooter. However, this can vary, with some states having a minimum age of 12 or 18 years old. Additionally, some states may impose additional requirements, such as wearing a helmet.

Safety Requirements

Electric scooters must follow certain safety requirements, such as having a working headlight and taillight, and not exceeding a maximum speed limit, which is typically around 15-20 mph. These speed limits may be lower in certain areas, such as on sidewalks or in specific states like California, where the maximum speed is 15 mph.

Insurance and Registration

Most states do not require electric scooters to be registered as motor vehicles or to have separate insurance. However, there are exceptions, such as in North Carolina, where electric scooters must be registered with the DMV.

Electric scooter laws in California

Electric scooters are a convenient and eco-friendly way to navigate the urban landscape of California. Here is a comprehensive guide to electric scooter laws in California to ensure you stay safe and legal while riding.

Licensing and Registration:

You need a valid driver's license or learner's permit to ride an electric scooter in California. The class of the license does not matter, as long as it is current and legally issued. You do not need to register your electric scooter with the DMV.

Age Requirements:

Riders of electric scooters in California must be at least 16 years old and hold a valid learner's permit. However, electric scooter-sharing companies often set their own minimum age restriction, typically requiring riders to be at least 18 years old.

Helmet Laws:

California requires riders under 18 years of age to wear a certified bicycle helmet while operating an electric scooter. Adult riders are not legally obligated to wear helmets, but it is highly recommended for all riders to do so. Electric scooter rental companies are mandated to provide a helmet to the operator if requested.

Speed Limit:

The maximum speed limit for electric scooters in California is set at 15 mph, regardless of the type of road or path you are riding on.

Where to Ride:

Electric scooters must be ridden in designated bike lanes, trails, or bikeways whenever available. These offer a safer riding environment, separated from vehicle traffic. If there is no bike lane available, electric scooters can be used on roadways with a speed limit of less than 25 mph. Local authorities may increase this speed limit to 35 mph to accommodate electric scooter traffic.

It is important to note that riding electric scooters on sidewalks is strictly prohibited in California, except when briefly crossing a sidewalk to enter or exit an adjacent property. Additionally, operating an electric scooter within a parking structure or system facility of public transportation is considered an offense and may result in fines or other penalties.

Carrying Passengers and Items:

California law prohibits carrying passengers on electric scooters. The law also restricts carrying items that would require you to take both hands off the handlebars. You must always be able to maintain at least one hand on the handlebars while riding.

DUI Laws:

Riding an electric scooter while under the influence of alcohol or drugs is illegal in California. The law treats electric scooters like any other vehicle in this regard, and individuals found riding under the influence may face legal consequences, including fines.

Parking:

When possible, it is recommended to take your electric scooter indoors to reduce the risk of theft. If you use a shared electric scooter or cannot bring it inside, California law deems the following places acceptable for parking: designated areas for bicycle or electric scooter parking, near bike racks, and sidewalk zones that do not hinder pedestrian movement.

In summary, electric scooters in California must follow specific laws and regulations to ensure the safety of riders and the public. By adhering to these rules, riders can enjoy the convenience and benefits of electric scooters while staying within the legal framework.

Electric scooter laws in Europe

Electric scooters are a popular mode of transport in Europe, but the laws surrounding their use vary from country to country. Here is a breakdown of the electric scooter laws in different European countries:

Austria

In Austria, electric scooters are subject to specific regulations based on their maximum speed and power output. If an electric scooter has a maximum speed of 25 km/h and a maximum power output of 600 watts, it is classified as a bicycle and must follow the same traffic rules as bicyclists. However, electric scooters are prohibited from using pavements and footpaths. If an electric scooter exceeds these speed and power limits, it is considered a motorcycle, and a driving licence is required. The maximum speed limit for electric scooters in Austria is 25 km/h, and they are only allowed on bike lanes.

Belgium

In Belgium, riders of electric scooters must be at least 16 years old and are prohibited from using sidewalks. The legal speed limit for electric scooters on public roads is 25 km/h. Electric scooters are subject to the same rules and responsibilities as bicycles. With the appropriate license plate and insurance, electric scooters can reach a maximum speed of 45 km/h while remaining insured for speeds up to 25 km/h.

Bulgaria

In Bulgaria, individuals must be at least 16 years old to ride an electric scooter. However, children between 14 and 16 years old may operate electric scooters under adult supervision and are confined to bike lanes. The maximum speed limit for electric scooters is 25 km/h, and drivers must display reflective elements on their clothing for visibility. Electric scooters are permitted on bike paths and roads with a speed limit of up to 50 km/h.

Croatia

In Croatia, electric scooters may not exceed a maximum power of 600 watts and a maximum speed of 25 km/h. All riders, regardless of age or experience, are required to wear a helmet. Electric scooters must travel on bicycle paths or lanes in the direction of traffic. If dedicated paths or lanes are unavailable, they may ride on pedestrian surfaces or traffic-calmed zones, giving priority to other road users. Electric scooter riders must wear reflective clothing during nighttime or low-visibility conditions.

Czech Republic

According to the Road Traffic Act, electric scooters are classified as bicycles in terms of road traffic. Electric scooters are only permitted on roads, designated cycle lanes, or cycle paths, and riding on pavements is strictly prohibited. If an electric scooter is ridden without registration or a driver's licence, it must not exceed a maximum speed of 25 km/h and a power output of 250 watts. Riders under the age of 18 are required to wear an approved protective helmet.

Denmark

In Denmark, the maximum speed for electric scooters is 20 km/h, and riders must be at least 15 years old. Electric scooters are required to use bike lanes, and lights must be present in both the front and back for visibility and safety. Wearing a helmet is compulsory for riders.

Estonia

Personal light electric vehicles, including electric scooters, can only be operated on cycle tracks, cycle roads, and pavements. If these roads are unavailable, riders can ride on the right side of a carriageway in calm traffic areas. There are strict age restrictions for children who want to ride on carriageways. Children under 8 years old, even with adult supervision, are prohibited from riding on carriageways. Young people aged 8-15 who do not have a cycling licence can ride on carriageways with adult supervision if dedicated cycle paths are unavailable. Young people aged 10-15 who have a cycling licence can ride on carriageways unsupervised if dedicated cycle paths are not available. All riders under the age of 16 must wear a helmet.

Finland

Electric personal transportation devices in Finland are classified based on their maximum speed and power. Electric scooters may have a maximum speed of over 15 km/h but not more than 25 km/h, and a maximum power output of 1 kW. The width of an electric scooter must not exceed 80 cm. Electrically assisted bicycles with a maximum assisted speed of 25 km/h may only work when the bicycle is being pedalled. Motorised bicycles with a maximum power of 1 kW and a maximum assisted speed of 25 km/h may work without pedalling. However, if these bicycles exceed speeds of 25 km/h with motor assistance, they must be registered as mopeds.

France

In France, there is a minimum age requirement of 14 years old for electric scooter riders. The speed limit for electric scooters on the road is 25 km/h. Electric scooters are not allowed to be ridden on pavements to ensure the safety of pedestrians. However, they are permitted on cycling paths and streets. Electric scooters are considered motor vehicles and must follow the same traffic regulations as motorists.

Germany

In Germany, only "miniature electric vehicles" meeting specific criteria can be licensed for public road traffic. These criteria include a maximum speed of 20 km/h, front lights, side reflectors, two independent brakes, and a bell or signal. Electric scooters can have a maximum power output of 500 watts. Riders must be at least 14 years old, and while wearing a helmet is recommended, it is not compulsory. E-scooters are only permitted to use bike paths or biking trails. Riding on sidewalks, motorways, pedestrian-only zones, and bus lanes is strictly prohibited.

Greece

In Greece, the New Mobility and e-scooter Law outlines a set of traffic rules for Personal Light Electric Vehicles (PLEVs). This law mandates the use of a helmet and reflective clothing, especially when riding at night. PLEVs are permitted on sidewalks for up to 6 km/h, similar to pedestrians. For PLEVs with a design speed between 6 and 25 km/h, they must utilise the road like cyclists. However, PLEVs with a design speed exceeding 25 km/h are prohibited from traffic and on streets with a speed limit higher than 50 km/h.

Hungary

In Hungary, there is a lack of well-defined national legislation regarding the use of electric scooters. However, some cities have established local ordinances that dictate the use of electric scooters within their jurisdiction, including directives on designated riding and parking areas and safety measures.

Ireland

The Irish Government has proposed new regulations to govern the use of e-scooters, categorising "powered personal transporters" that travel under 25 km/h as regular push bikes. These vehicles will be exempt from tax, insurance, registration, and licensing requirements. More powerful e-scooters that can exceed 25 km/h will be treated as mopeds, requiring insurance, registration, and licensing. The proposed legislation includes safety measures such as a minimum age requirement of 16 and a ban on their use on footpaths.

Italy

In Italy, electric scooter riders must be at least 14 years old. For minors under 18 years old, wearing a helmet is mandatory. Electric scooters have a maximum permitted speed of 20 km/h, and in pedestrian areas, the speed limit is further reduced to 6 km/h. Electric scooters are prohibited from riding on sidewalks, except when designated as bicycle lanes. Riders must never ride in the opposite direction of traffic, except on roads that allow two-way cycling. Electric scooters must adhere to a strict power limit, with a continuous rated power not exceeding 500 watts.

Latvia

Electric scooters have emerged as a popular means of transportation in Latvia. The new CSN framework permits electric scooters to operate on sidewalks, bicycle trails, public transport lanes, and streets with speed limits of up to 50 km/h. Electric scooters must be in excellent condition, equipped with brakes, and have a white light lamp on the front and a red lamp on the back for illumination. The operator should wear a light-reflecting vest whenever possible to ensure visibility. The maximum speed for electric scooters in Latvia is capped at 25 km/h, and the operator must be at least 14 years old. Minors who ride electric scooters must hold a bicycle driving licence.

Lithuania

In Lithuania, electric scooter riders (with a speed up to 25 km/h and power no more than 1 kW) can ride on the carriageway if they are at least 14 years old. If an individual has completed a training course established by the Ministry of Education and Science and holds a certificate, they can ride an electric scooter on the carriageway from the age of 12. Under adult supervision, individuals aged 8 and above can ride on the roadway. There is no age limit for electric scooter riders in residential areas. However, carrying passengers on electric scooters is strictly prohibited.

Luxembourg

In Luxembourg, electric scooters must adhere to a maximum design speed of 25 km/h and be propelled by an electric motor with a rated output not exceeding 250 watts. All electric vehicles in the "cycle" category ridden on public roads must have certain mandatory equipment, including brakes, lights, and reflectors. If riding an electric micro-vehicle, reflective tapes or other reflective devices must be fixed on both sides of the vehicle or on clothing if lateral reflectors cannot be installed. It is generally prohibited for children under 10 years old to ride electric scooters, but children aged 6 and above can ride in cycle lanes or on their way to and from school when accompanied by someone aged at least 15.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, electric scooters approved by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management are allowed on public roads. Riders must be at least 16 years old, and the maximum speed is limited to 25 km/h. Electric scooters are not permitted on sidewalks. Third-party insurance is compulsory, and the insurer's sticker must be affixed to the e-scooter.

Norway

In Norway, the minimum age for riding an electric scooter is 12 years, and it is mandatory for children under 15 to wear a helmet. Riding an electric scooter under the influence of alcohol or drugs is illegal, and the general blood alcohol limit of 0.02% applies. Electric scooters can be ridden anywhere, provided that riders follow traffic signs and ride in the direction of traffic. However, they are prohibited on motorways and roads where bicycles are banned. Riders must comply with all speed limits, and Norwegian electric scooters are typically limited to a maximum speed of 20 km/h.

Poland

In Poland, electric scooter riders are required to adhere to speed limits and maintain a speed similar to pedestrians, not exceeding 20 km/h. This is crucial to ensure the safety of pedestrians who may share the same path. Electric scooters must travel on roads if there are no bicycle paths, but only if the speed limit is less than 30 km/h. Pedestrians have priority over e-scooter riders, and riders must yield to pedestrians and not obstruct their passage. Children under 10 years old are prohibited from riding electric scooters on public roads, even under adult supervision. Riders aged 10 to 18 are required to have a bicycle card or a driving licence.

Romania

In Romania, individuals above the age of 14 are permitted to operate electric scooters, while those under 16 must wear helmets. Electric scooters are defined as two or three-wheeled vehicles with an electric motor and a maximum design speed of 25 km/h. They are permitted on designated bike lanes, and if bike lanes are unavailable, they may be ridden on road sectors with a maximum speed limit of 50 km/h. Transporting passengers on electric scooters is strictly prohibited. To ensure safety, electric scooters must be fitted with night lights and reflective fluorescent devices when riding at night.

Slovakia

In Slovakia, electric scooters can be ridden on cycle paths, dirt roads, forest roads, and residential areas by individuals of any age. However, riders must be above the age of 15 to ride on other routes. Electric scooters must be ridden on the right side of sidewalks, footpaths, or crosswalks without impeding pedestrians or exceeding their speed. Electric scooters may use passages designated for pedestrians

Electric scooter laws in Canada

In most provinces, a license is not required to operate an electric scooter, but some places do mandate a driver's license, and there are minimum age requirements. For instance, in Quebec, riders between the ages of 14 and 17 need a Class 6D license to operate an electric scooter, while in Alberta, riders must be at least 16 years old.

Electric scooters in Canada are classified as low-powered vehicles, which means they can be used on streets and sidewalks but not on highways or roads where motor vehicles are prohibited. There are also specifications for electric scooters, such as a maximum power output of 500 watts and a speed limit of 32 km/h.

It is important to note that the laws and regulations for electric scooter use in Canada are still evolving, and there may be variations in rules across different regions. Therefore, it is essential to check the local laws before purchasing or riding an electric scooter.

Frequently asked questions