Cameron Miranda
Citing the *William Mitchell Law Review* accurately is essential for legal scholars, students, and practitioners to ensure proper attribution and credibility in their work. The *William Mitchell Law Review*, now known as the *Mitchell Hamline Law Review*, is a respected legal publication that requires specific citation formats depending on the style guide being used, such as Bluebook, APA, or MLA. Understanding how to correctly cite articles from this journal involves identifying key elements like the author’s name, article title, volume and issue numbers, page range, and publication year. Proper citation not only acknowledges the original source but also facilitates access to the referenced material for readers, reinforcing the integrity of legal research and writing.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Citation Style | Primarily follows The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (21st ed.) |
| Journal Title | William Mitchell Law Review (now known as Mitchell Hamline Law Review) |
| Abbreviated Title | Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. |
| Volume Number | Include the volume number in bold or italics (e.g., 40 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev.) |
| Page Number | Include the starting page number (e.g., 40 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 123) |
| Author Name | Last name, followed by a comma and the first name or initials (e.g., Smith, John) |
| Article Title | Title of the article in sentence case and enclosed in double quotation marks |
| Publication Year | Include the year of publication in parentheses after the page number (e.g., 40 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 123 (2014)) |
| Pinpoint Citation | Use "at" for specific page references (e.g., 40 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 123, at 125 (2014)) |
| Online Citation | Include the URL or DOI if citing an online version (e.g., available at https://heinonline.org/) |
| Example Citation | John Smith, "The Evolution of Legal Theory," 40 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 123 (2014). |
| Renamed Journal | Since 2015, the journal is now called Mitchell Hamline Law Review (Mitchell Hamline L. Rev.) |
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What You'll Learn
Bluebook Citation Format
When citing the William Mitchell Law Review using the Bluebook Citation Format, it is essential to follow the specific rules outlined in the Bluebook for law reviews. The William Mitchell Law Review, now known as the Mitchell Hamline Law Review, requires careful attention to detail in its citation format. Below is a detailed guide on how to cite this law review correctly.
For a standard citation to an article in the William Mitchell Law Review, the format should include the author’s name, the title of the article, the volume number of the law review, the abbreviation of the law review, the first page number of the article, and the publication year. For example: *John Doe, The Evolution of Property Law, 35 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 1020 (2010)*. Here, "John Doe" is the author, "The Evolution of Property Law" is the article title, "35" is the volume number, "Wm. Mitchell L. Rev." is the abbreviated name of the law review, "1020" is the starting page number, and "2010" is the year of publication. The title of the article should be capitalized using headline-style capitalization, and the law review name should be italicized.
If you are citing a specific page within the article, include the precise page number after the full citation, separated by a comma and "at." For instance: *John Doe, The Evolution of Property Law, 35 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 1020, 1025 (2010)*. This indicates that the specific information being referenced is found on page 1025 of the article. Ensure that the page number is accurate to maintain the integrity of the citation.
For online sources or articles accessed through a database, the Bluebook requires the inclusion of the electronic resource identifier (ERI), such as a DOI or URL, if available. For example: *Jane Smith, Rethinking Contract Law, 40 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 789 (2015), https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/wmlr40&id=791&collection=journals*. If a DOI is available, it is preferred over a URL. Always verify the stability of the link to ensure accessibility.
When citing multiple authors, list all authors in the order they appear, separated by "and." For example: *John Doe and Jane Smith, The Intersection of Tort and Environmental Law, 38 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 567 (2012)*. If there are more than two authors, include all names in the citation. However, if there are more than six authors, list the first author followed by "et al." For instance: *John Doe et al., Modern Approaches to Criminal Justice, 42 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 234 (2016)*.
Finally, for subsequent references to the same source, use a shortened form of the citation. This typically includes the author’s last name, a shortened version of the title if necessary, and the page number. For example: *Doe, supra note 5, at 1025*. If no footnote is referenced, use *Doe, The Evolution of Property Law, supra, at 1025*. This ensures clarity and brevity in legal writing while adhering to Bluebook standards. Always double-check the accuracy of abbreviations and formatting to maintain professionalism.
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APA Style Guidelines
When citing the *William Mitchell Law Review* in APA style, it is essential to follow the guidelines outlined in the *Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association* (7th edition). APA style requires a clear and consistent format for citing legal periodicals, including law reviews. Below are detailed instructions on how to properly cite the *William Mitchell Law Review* in APA style.
Journal Article Citation Format:
To cite an article from the *William Mitchell Law Review*, begin with the author’s last name and initials, followed by the publication year in parentheses. Next, provide the article title in sentence case, followed by the journal title in italicized title case. Include the volume number in italics, followed by the issue number in parentheses if applicable. Finally, specify the page range of the article. For example:
Smith, J. D. (2020). *The impact of technology on legal practice*. *William Mitchell Law Review*, *45*(2), 345–367.
Journal Title and Volume Number:
The *William Mitchell Law Review* should be italicized, and the volume number must also be italicized. Ensure the title is in title case, capitalizing the first word and all major words. The volume number follows the journal title, separated by a comma. If the issue number is available, include it in parentheses after the volume number.
Page Range and DOI/URL:
Always include the page range for the specific article. If the article is accessed online and has a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), include it in the citation. If no DOI is available, provide the direct URL to the article. For example:
Smith, J. D. (2020). *The impact of technology on legal practice*. *William Mitchell Law Review*, *45*(2), 345–367. https://doi.org/xxxx
Reference List Entry:
In the reference list, entries should be double-spaced and formatted with a hanging indent. The citation for the *William Mitchell Law Review* article should follow the structure outlined above, ensuring consistency and accuracy. For instance:
Smith, J. D. (2020). *The impact of technology on legal practice*. *William Mitchell Law Review*, *45*(2), 345–367. https://doi.org/xxxx
Special Considerations:
If citing an entire issue of the *William Mitchell Law Review*, include the full title of the issue and omit the page range. For example:
William Mitchell Law Review (2020). Special issue on environmental law. William Mitchell Law Review, 45(2).
By adhering to these APA style guidelines, you ensure that your citations are accurate, professional, and compliant with academic standards. Always double-check the specifics of the article and the journal to avoid errors in your citations.
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Chicago Manual Rules
When citing the *William Mitchell Law Review* (now known as the *Mitchell Hamline Law Review*) using the Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS), it is essential to follow the rules for journal articles in both the Notes-Bibliography and Author-Date systems. Below is a detailed guide tailored to CMOS rules.
In the Notes-Bibliography system, the first citation in a footnote should include all relevant details. The format is as follows: *Author’s First Name Last Name*, *“Title of the Article,”* *William Mitchell Law Review* *volume number* (year): page number. For example: *Jane Doe*, *“The Evolution of Property Law,”* *William Mitchell Law Review* 35 (2010): 123. Subsequent citations may use a shortened form: *Doe*, *“Evolution of Property Law,”* 125. The corresponding bibliography entry should mirror the full footnote citation but omit the page number: *Doe, Jane*. *“The Evolution of Property Law.” William Mitchell Law Review* 35 (2010).
For the Author-Date system, in-text citations use parentheses with the author’s last name, publication year, and page number if necessary, e.g., (Doe 2010, 123). The reference list entry follows this format: *Last Name, First Name*. *Year*. *“Title of the Article.” William Mitchell Law Review volume number*: page range. For instance: *Doe, Jane*. 2010. *“The Evolution of Property Law.” William Mitchell Law Review* 35: 123–150. Note that the title of the article is in quotation marks, while the journal title is italicized.
CMOS emphasizes consistency and clarity. Ensure that the volume number of the law review is italicized and that the year of publication is in parentheses. If the article spans multiple pages, include the full page range in the bibliography entry. For both systems, double-check the accuracy of the author’s name, article title, and publication details to maintain scholarly integrity.
Finally, if the law review is accessed online, include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or a stable URL in the citation. For example, in the bibliography, add: *DOI:10.XXXX/XXXX* or *Available at:* *https://XXXX.XXX*. This ensures that readers can locate the source reliably. Adhering to these CMOS rules will ensure that citations for the *William Mitchell Law Review* are both precise and compliant with academic standards.
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MLA Citation Basics
When citing the *William Mitchell Law Review* in MLA (Modern Language Association) style, it’s essential to follow the MLA Handbook’s guidelines for scholarly articles. MLA citations prioritize clarity and simplicity, ensuring readers can easily locate the source. Begin with the author’s name, formatted as "Last Name, First Name." If the article has multiple authors, list them in the order they appear, separating names with a comma and using "and" before the last author. For example: "Smith, John, and Jane Doe." If no author is listed, start the citation with the title of the article in quotation marks.
Next, include the title of the article in quotation marks, followed by the title of the journal, *William Mitchell Law Review*, italicized. The citation should then specify the volume and issue number of the journal, if applicable, followed by the publication year in parentheses. For instance: "*William Mitchell L. Rev.* vol. 45, no. 3 (2020)." If the journal uses continuous pagination, include the page range of the article. For example: "123-145." If the article is accessed online, add the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or a stable URL at the end of the citation.
In MLA style, the works cited entry should be double-spaced and formatted with a hanging indent. This means the first line of the citation is flush against the left margin, and all subsequent lines are indented by 0.5 inches. Punctuation in MLA citations is minimal but precise: use periods after the author, title, and publication information, and include a final period after the DOI or URL. For example: "Doe, Jane. 'Legal Perspectives on Climate Change.' *William Mitchell L. Rev.* vol. 45, no. 3 (2020): 123-145, doi:10.1234/wmlr.45.3.123."
If you are citing an online version of the *William Mitchell Law Review* without a DOI, include the URL in the citation. However, MLA prefers DOIs over URLs because they are more stable. If using a URL, ensure it is accessible and as concise as possible. For example: "Smith, John. 'The Evolution of Property Law.' *William Mitchell L. Rev.* vol. 44, no. 2 (2019): 98-110, www.wmler.org/archives/vol44/iss2/98." Always verify the URL to ensure it directs readers to the correct source.
Finally, consistency is key in MLA citations. Ensure all elements—author, title, journal, volume, issue, page range, and DOI or URL—are accurately formatted and complete. MLA style does not require a retrieval date unless the source is likely to change or become unavailable. By adhering to these guidelines, your citation for the *William Mitchell Law Review* will be clear, professional, and compliant with MLA standards, facilitating easy access to the source for your readers.
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OSCOLA Referencing Tips
When referencing the *William Mitchell Law Review* using OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities), it is essential to follow the specific guidelines for citing law journals. OSCOLA is a widely accepted citation style in legal academia, and precision is key. Begin by identifying the key elements of the citation: the author’s name, article title, journal title, volume number, issue number (if applicable), and page range. For example, a basic citation format would be: *Author’s Surname, Initial(s), ‘Article Title’,* Volume *William Mitchell Law Review* Page. Ensure the title of the article is in single quotation marks, while the journal title is italicized.
In OSCOLA, the author’s name should be formatted with the surname followed by a comma and initials, without full stops or spaces. For instance, if the author is John Doe, it should appear as *Doe, J*. If there are multiple authors, list all authors in the same format, separated by the word ‘and’. For example: *Doe, J and Smith, A*. If the article has more than three authors, you may use *et al* after the first author’s name, but this is less common in legal citations, so including all authors is preferred.
The *William Mitchell Law Review* citation must include the volume number in italics, followed by the journal title in italics, and then the starting page number. For example: *45 William Mitchell Law Review 123*. If the journal includes issue numbers, these should be included in parentheses after the volume number, though this is not typical for most law reviews. Always double-check the specific issue details to ensure accuracy. If the article spans multiple pages, include the full page range, e.g., *45 William Mitchell Law Review 123-150*.
Footnotes in OSCOLA are numbered consecutively throughout the document, and each citation should correspond to a footnote. For example, the first citation might appear as: *See Doe, J, ‘The Impact of Technology on Legal Practice’* 45 *William Mitchell Law Review* 123*. Subsequent citations of the same source can be shortened using the author’s surname and a shortened version of the title, followed by ‘n [footnote number] above’. For example: *Doe, ‘The Impact of Technology’ n 1 above*. This ensures clarity and avoids repetition.
Finally, when referencing the *William Mitchell Law Review* in a bibliography, the format differs slightly from footnotes. The entry should include the author’s full name (surname, first name), followed by the article title in single quotation marks, the journal title in italics, the volume number, and the page range. For example: *Doe, John, ‘The Impact of Technology on Legal Practice’,* 45 *William Mitchell Law Review* 123-150*. Ensure consistency and accuracy throughout your document, as OSCOLA places a strong emphasis on uniformity and detail in legal citations.
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Frequently asked questions
In Bluebook style, cite the William Mitchell Law Review as follows: *Volume Number* William Mitchell L. Rev. *Page Number* (Year). For example: *35* William Mitchell L. Rev. *1234* (2010).
In APA format, cite an article from the William Mitchell Law Review as follows: Author Last Name, First Initial(s). (Year). Title of the article. *William Mitchell Law Review, Volume Number*(Issue Number), Page Range. For example: Smith, J. (2010). Legal perspectives on technology. *William Mitchell Law Review, 35*(2), 1234-1250.
Yes, in Chicago style, cite the William Mitchell Law Review as follows: Author First Name Last Name, “Title of the Article,” *William Mitchell Law Review* Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Year): Page Range. For example: Jane Smith, “Legal Perspectives on Technology,” *William Mitchell Law Review* 35, no. 2 (2010): 1234-1250.
You can find the specific volume and page numbers for a William Mitchell Law Review citation by accessing the article through legal databases like Westlaw, LexisNexis, or HeinOnline. The volume and page numbers are typically listed at the beginning of the article or in the database’s citation information.
