Anaya Nolan
If you are planning to immigrate to Canada and want to bring your mother-in-law with you, you will need to sponsor her. To be eligible, you must be at least 18 years old, live in Canada, and be willing to financially support your mother-in-law for a period of 10 years or until she turns 25, whichever comes first. You can apply for sponsorship through the Family Sponsorship Class, which includes spouses, parents, and grandparents. There are two types of sponsorship: Outland Sponsorship, where the sponsor lives in Canada while the sponsored individual resides abroad; and Inland Sponsorship, where both parties live in Canada during the application process. Due to high demand and an ageing population, there is no guarantee that the parent sponsorship program will continue indefinitely, and applicants may face long wait times.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Eligibility | The sponsor must be at least 18 years old, live in Canada, and be willing to support the dependent for a period of 10 years or until the child turns 25, whichever comes first |
| Sponsoring a mother-in-law | Possible under the Family Sponsorship Class, but the sponsor must be a close relative living in Canada as a permanent resident or citizen |
| Sponsoring a spouse | Possible under Outland Sponsorship or Inland Sponsorship. The sponsor must be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and the spouse must be at least 16 years old |
| Sponsoring parents | Possible, but there is high demand and limited spots. The sponsor must have lived in Canada for at least three years and meet minimum income requirements |
| Sponsoring children | The child must be under 22 and not married or in a common-law relationship. The sponsor must provide financial support for three years and cannot have previously declared bankruptcy |
| Sponsoring other family members | Possible, but the sponsor must incorporate them within the same sponsorship application |
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What You'll Learn
Eligibility requirements for sponsorship
To sponsor your mother-in-law to Canada, you must be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident. You must also be at least 18 years old and willing to provide financial support to your mother-in-law for at least 10 years or until she turns 25, whichever comes first.
The sponsorship process typically involves two steps: submitting a sponsorship profile to Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), and once approved, applying for permanent residence on behalf of your mother-in-law. It's important to note that parent and grandparent sponsorships have a quota, and applications may take several years to process due to high demand.
As the sponsor, you are expected to demonstrate that you can provide financial support to your mother-in-law for at least three years. You must not receive social assistance, except for disability, and you must not have previously declared bankruptcy. Additionally, your mother-in-law must be at least 16 years old and should not have any dependent children or spouses who will be accompanying her to Canada. If she does, they must be included in the same sponsorship application.
There are two types of sponsorship processes: Outland Sponsorship and Inland Sponsorship. For Outland Sponsorship, the sponsor must reside in Canada, while the sponsored individual can travel freely to and from Canada if they hold a visa-free passport or have obtained a Canadian visa. The application is processed in the visa office linked to your mother-in-law's home country or where she has resided for at least one year. On the other hand, Inland Sponsorship requires both of you to live together in Canada during the entire application process. Your mother-in-law must already have temporary resident status in Canada as a worker, student, or visitor.
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Sponsorship application process
To sponsor your mother-in-law to Canada, you must be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident. If you are, you can sponsor your relatives or family members residing abroad if they are your spouse, common-law or conjugal partner (16 years of age or older), or your parents and grandparents.
If your mother-in-law has a spouse, partner, or dependent children who are looking to accompany her to Canada, you must incorporate them into the same sponsorship application. The sponsor is expected to provide financial support to the sponsored person for three years and must not receive social assistance other than disability or have previously declared bankruptcy.
To be eligible, the sponsor must be at least 18 years old, live in Canada, and be willing to support the dependent for a period of 10 years or until the child turns 25, whichever comes first. The child must be under 22 and not married or in a common-law relationship. If the child is over 22, they must have been continuously studying, disabled, or dependent on the sponsor since before they turned 22.
There are two types of sponsorship: Outland and Inland. For Outland Sponsorship, the foreign spouse or partner usually resides abroad while the Canadian sponsor lives in Canada. The sponsored individual may travel to and from Canada if they hold a visa-free passport or have obtained a Canadian visa. The Canadian sponsor must stay in Canada during the application process. Outland sponsorship applications are processed in the visa office linked to the sponsored spouse’s home country or the country where they have lived for at least one year. For Inland Sponsorship, both spouses must live together in Canada during the entire application process. The foreign spouse or partner must already have temporary resident status in Canada, either as a worker, student, or visitor.
There is a huge demand for limited spots for parent sponsorship, and demand is expected to increase due to the volume of immigrants. In the past few years, there has been a prioritization for those who have been in Canada the longest. There is also no guarantee that the parent sponsorship program will continue indefinitely due to the ageing population and the strain this puts on the healthcare system.
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Sponsorship quotas and lotteries
Canada has implemented quotas and lotteries in its sponsorship program to manage the high demand for family reunification. The quotas and lotteries apply specifically to the Parents and Grandparents Program (PGP), which allows Canadian citizens and permanent residents to sponsor their parents and grandparents for immigration to Canada.
The PGP has been a highly sought-after pathway for family reunification, and the demand has often exceeded the available spots. In 2016, the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) introduced a lottery system to address this issue. The lottery system aimed to move away from the previous first-come, first-served model, which was deemed unfair due to the rapid filling of annual slots, sometimes within a matter of hours. The lottery system was designed to provide equal chances for all applicants, allowing them to reapply the following year if they were not selected.
However, the lottery system has faced criticism and concerns. Some individuals have expressed frustration over the uncertainty of the lottery, as there is no guarantee of being chosen in a given year. There have also been calls for a weighted system that considers the number of years an individual has expressed interest in sponsorship. In response to these concerns, the IRCC has made adjustments to the PGP.
In recent years, the IRCC has shifted from a true annual lottery system to a "year in, year out" model. This approach aims to balance new applicants and those who have been waiting longer. Instead of conducting a yearly lottery, the IRCC accepts expressions of interest within specific periods, such as October to November. They may limit the number of expressions of interest to control the total pool of applicants while ensuring a consistent and equitable process. Once the expressions of interest are exhausted, they will open a new round for new applicants.
While the PGP has undergone modifications, the quota for complete applications remains in place. For instance, in 2023, the IRCC announced that it would accept up to 15,000 complete applications under the PGP. They would send out invitations to potential sponsors who had expressed interest, with the selection drawn from previous years' pools. This transition away from a true lottery system has caused concerns about the potential for longer waiting times for families who have not been able to file expressions of interest in recent years.
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Outland and Inland Sponsorship
To sponsor your mother-in-law to Canada, she will need to be sponsored by a close relative living in Canada as a permanent resident or a Canadian citizen. This is known as Family Sponsorship Class. A Canadian citizen or permanent resident can sponsor the following relatives or family members residing abroad:
- Spouses
- Common-law or conjugal partners (16 years of age or older)
- Parents and grandparents
If you are sponsoring your mother-in-law, she would fall under the "parents and grandparents" category. It is important to note that new parent and grandparent sponsorships have reached their quota for this year by Citizenship and Immigration Canada and will relaunch in January 2015. Therefore, you should start the application process as soon as possible.
Now, let's discuss the two main types of sponsorship: Outland and Inland Sponsorship.
Outland Sponsorship:
Outland sponsorship is typically for foreign nationals residing abroad who wish to be sponsored by their Canadian spouse or partner for permanent resident status in Canada. The sponsored individual may freely travel to and from Canada if they hold a visa-free passport or have obtained a Canadian visa. However, the Canadian sponsor must remain in Canada throughout the application process. Outland sponsorship applications are processed by the visa office linked to the sponsored spouse's home country or their country of residence. One of the key advantages of Outland sponsorship is the presence of appeal rights. If your application is refused, you have the opportunity to appeal the decision. Additionally, Outland sponsorship allows for greater freedom of travel, as the sponsored individual can leave Canada multiple times during the application process and return as a visitor.
Inland Sponsorship:
Inland sponsorship is for couples where the sponsored individual is already living in Canada and has temporary resident status. Both spouses must reside together in Canada throughout the entire application process. Inland sponsorship applications are filed within Canada. One of the benefits of Inland sponsorship is the possibility of the foreign partner obtaining an Open Work Permit, which allows them to work for a Canadian company while waiting for their permanent residency approval. However, travel outside of Canada is generally not recommended during the Inland application process, as it may negatively affect the outcome.
Both Outland and Inland sponsorships have comparable processing times, and it is important to carefully review the eligibility requirements and specific circumstances before choosing the most suitable option.
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Sponsorship for accompanying family members
To sponsor your mother-in-law to Canada, you must be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident. You must also be at least 18 years old and willing to provide financial support for your mother-in-law for a period of 10 years or until she turns 75, whichever comes first. This process involves two steps: submitting a sponsorship profile to Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), and once approved, applying for permanent residence on behalf of your mother-in-law.
If your mother-in-law has a spouse, partner, or dependent children who plan to accompany her to Canada, they must be included in the same sponsorship application. You can pursue Outland Sponsorship, where the sponsored individual can travel to and from Canada if they hold a visa-free passport or have obtained a Canadian visa. However, you must remain in Canada during the application process, and applications are processed in the visa office linked to your mother-in-law's home country or country of residence for at least one year. Alternatively, Inland Sponsorship requires both of you to live together in Canada during the application process, and your mother-in-law must have temporary resident status in Canada as a worker, student, or visitor.
There are eligibility requirements for your mother-in-law as well. She must be under 22 and not married or in a common-law relationship. If she is over 22, she must have been continuously studying, disabled, or dependent on you due to other factors since before she turned 22. Additionally, there is a quota for parent and grandparent sponsorships, and applications for these sponsorships are encouraged before your mother-in-law turns 22 to avoid disqualification due to age.
It is important to note that there is no guarantee that the parent sponsorship program will continue indefinitely due to the ageing population and healthcare system pressures in Canada. The length of stay on a supervisa has recently been extended from 2 to 5 years, and your mother-in-law may need to be prepared for some initial separation if she intends to live with you in Canada.
To determine your mother-in-law's eligibility and the specific steps required, it is recommended to consult with a licensed immigration advisor and refer to official government resources.
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Frequently asked questions
To be eligible to sponsor your mother-in-law, you must be at least 18 years old, live in Canada, and be willing to financially support your mother-in-law for a period of 10 years or until you turn 25, whichever comes first.
The individual being sponsored must be under the age of 22 and not married or in a common-law relationship. If they are over 22, they must have been continuously studying, disabled, or dependent on the sponsor.
There are two main types of sponsorship: Outland Sponsorship and Inland Sponsorship. For Outland Sponsorship, the sponsored individual can travel freely to and from Canada if they hold a visa-free passport or a Canadian visa. The sponsor must remain in Canada during the application process. Inland Sponsorship requires both spouses to live together in Canada throughout the application process.
The sponsor is expected to provide financial support to the sponsored individual for at least three years. The sponsor must not receive social assistance, except for disability, and must not have previously declared bankruptcy.
There is high demand and limited spots for parent sponsorship in Canada. While some get selected after 3 years of earning a certain income, others have applied for 5-10 years without success. Additionally, there is no guarantee that the parent sponsorship program will continue indefinitely due to the ageing population and healthcare system pressures.
